The Center for Secure and Resilient

Maritime Commerce (CSR)

DHS Center of Excellence for Port Security
12 Institutions – Maritime Domain Awareness & Resiliency

Maritime Domain Awareness

Approach –
Dual Use Technologies
Demonstrate Nested Vessel Detection
Global > Approaches > Port

University of Miami –
Global Satellite Coverage,
Visible & Microwave

Rutgers University –
Over-the-Horizon Compact
High Frequency Radar Networks

Stevens Institute of Technology –

Local High-Resolution Optics &
Shallow Underwater Acoustics
 Rutgers University - Coastal Ocean Observation Lab
Operations, Data Fusion & Training Center

L-Band & X-Band Satellite 3-D Nowcasts Glider Fleet

CODAR Network
Receivers & Forecasts

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 Components of a High Frequency (HF) RADAR system
Computer and Monitor Transmitter
Receiver Transmit Antenna

receive antenna Receive Antenna

monopole (A3)
loop box
(A1 & A2)
radial whips
electronics
loop box Frequency Dependent Range,
Resolution & Vessel Size

loop 1 (A1) loop 2 (A2)

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 B) C)
A) CODAR
HF Radar
Network
1998-
2009

D) E)

F) G) H) I) J)

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 Technology Development Road Map of HF Radar for SAR
and Vessel Detection
CODAR develops NWRA applies SIFTER Mid Atlantic HF Radar National HF Radar
Long Range First long range
system installed
Ship detection
program partnering enhanced blanking algorithm to CODAR
data, SRI develops
Network becomes
operational with US
Network become
waveform for ship operational with US
with AMI tracker for SIFTER Coast Guard
detection Coast Guard
output

CODAR patents Bistatic spar buoy Test Study of

GPS timing for deployed 100 nmi CODAR data into
frequency sharing off Atlantic City, NJ SAROPS

Medium Range First system DHS bistaic buoy

deployed near DHS COE begins
Bisatatic transmitter
installed at SeaSide,
installed at Sandy
Ambrose NJ for testing
Hook, NJ

SuperDirective Second shore Bistatic transmitter

system installed at station added as
Sandy Hook, NJ
integrated with OPT
part of Navy PowerBuoy
LEAP program

Initial test install

Short Range off Atlantic City,
Bistatic Buoy Installed
off Atlantic City, NJ
Small Boat
Program
Coordinated field
exercise for DHS
HF Radar become
operational with
NJ COE US Coast Guard

Permanent System Relocated to

Install NY Harbor for NSF
CoOP Program

1 2 2 2 2 2 2
9 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 1
1998 1999
9 2000 2001 2002 2003
3 2004
4 2005
5 2006 2007
7 2008 2009
9 2010 2011
1

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 U.S. Coast Guard: Search And Rescue Optimal Planning System

National HF Radar Network – 151 Sites Mid-Atlantic Operational Data Flow to SAROPS

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 IOOS Mid-Atlantic Bight: High Frequency Radar (HFR) Coverage

2008 OI 2009 OI 2010 OI

% Coverage % Coverage % Coverage
12 LR HFRs 13 LR HFRs 14 LR HFRs

Annual Coverage Changes:

2008 to 2009 – Increase due to a focus on resiliency
2009 to 2010 – Decrease due to a lack of spares 2009

USCG Coverage Target:

80% Spatial Coverage 2008 2010
80% of the Time
Staffing Requirements:
MAB HFR Network = 14 LR HFRs + 14 SR HFRs.
National HFR Plan Recommends 8 Technicians.
IOOS Currently Supports 3 Technicians.

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 HFR Current Mapping Product Development Road Map for
Search and Rescue
Mid Atlantic HF
First Standard Long Range Network Radar Network
Range Codar Shown to be Operational with US
deployed on East Effective in Second Coast Guard
Coast near Coast Guard
Atlantic City, NJ “A Plan to Meet the
SAROPS tool
Nations Surface
Current Mapping
Needs” Implemented

Hurricane Floyd MARCOOS Radial and Total

Simulation Predicts Establishes First Sensitivity Study
Factor of 4 Reduction Regional High Undertaken to Provide
in Search Area Using Frequency Radar Best Data to
Field of Currents vs. Network Environmental Data Server
Point Measurement

Standard Range Network

Proves to be Useful in
Coast Guard Research
and Development Pilot Optimal Interpolation
National HF Radar
Study Combination Method
Network Operational
Effective in Filling
with US Coast Guard
Spatial Gaps in Mid
Atlantic Tests

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
4 7 8 3 58

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 IOOS Coordinated Rapid Response: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Contributed Assets:
HF Radar Networks Tropical Storm Bonnie crosses the Gulf of Mexico
USF, USM
Gliders
iRobot, Mote, Rutgers,
SIO/WHOI, UDel, USF
USM HFR
Drifters & Profilers
Horizon Marine, Navy TS Bonnie
Satellite Imagery
CSTARS, UDel
Ocean Forecasts
Navy, NCSU
Data/Web Services
ASA, Rutgers, SIO USF HFR

HFR used for Oil Slick Forecasts

by NOAA/NOS/OR&R
USM HFR validation of SABGOM Forecast
in region with satellite detected oil slicks

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 Vessel Detection & Tracking Radar Systems
Satellite Microwave Radars Skywave HF Radars

Over-the-Horizon Surface Line-of-Sight Microwave Radars

Wave HF Radars

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 Signal present in Loop 2
and Monopole. Signal
originated in direction of
Stevens anchor site.

Loop 2
Loop 1
Loop 1

Loop 2

Monopole

HF Radar Geometry & Doppler

Spectra from Range Cell 8
Bragg Waves

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Doppler Spectra from all Range Cells with Detection
Threshold Applied

Fixed Objects & Direct Signals

Bragg Waves
Bragg Waves

Vessel Vessel

e
ng
Ra
Doppler Frequency

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 DOLPHIN
IIR Method FFT 256 Median Method FFT 256 Threshold
Threshold 10 dB 11 dB
Distance
(km)

Radial
Veloci
ty
(m/s)

Bearing
(°CWN)

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MAAS TRADER

DOLPHIN

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 Processing Matrix - YM Los Angeles
11/9/09 Threshold (dB)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
16 NSD NSD NSD NSD NSD NSD
32 6.6 6.1 4.1 1.7 0.8 NSD
11.8 9.0 5.8 3.0 1.4 0.3
64 21.7 20.2 17.8 16.2 13.7 10.6
FFT Points

28.9 22.4 15.0 9.3 6.1 3.1

128 41.8 41.1 39.7 37.4 36.0 34.3
50.3 48.6 46.6 43.0 39.0 36.1
256 42.7 41.6 39.9 39.2 37.9 35.5
47.1 46.1 45.7 44.0 43.0 39.9
512 33.7 32.3 30.9 29.8 28.4 26.0
36.5 34.0 32.6 30.5 29.5 28.8
1024
29.7 28.6 26.1 25.0 22.1 19.6

IIR – Red Median – Blue NSD = No Ship Detected

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 HFR Current Mapping Product Development
Road Map for Vessel Detection
First Long SuperDirectiv
Range System COE Medium
e System Sized Vessel
Installled
Installed Program
Large Vessel detection Begins
program AMI NWRA applies
SIFTER LEAP Program
algorithm to Begins
Small Boat CODAR data
detection
program
SRI
develops
5 MHz Bistatic
tracker for
Buoy
Deployed SIFTER
output
13 MHz
First Mid Bistatic Buoy
Range System Deployed
Installled

200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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Multi-Level Access and Information Sharing
with Open Mongoose (MDA CONOP)
(U) Multi-Level Enclaves Provide Appropriate Level Data to Customers

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 Road Map for Vessel Detection Within CSR
CSR First LEAP Field Bistatic
System Exercise Exercise
Starts Installed Miami Puerto Rico

Coordinate CSR Summer Testing of LEAP

d Field Institute Real Time Multistatic
Exercise “How Small Software in Exercise
is Small” Mid Atlantic
CSR
Summer LEAP Bistatic Field Vessel
Transmitter Exercise Detection
Institute
Installed Alaska Data into
Pilot Open
Puerto Rico
Mongoose
Site
Inspection
Coordinate CIT Second LEAP
d Field Program System
Exercise Commence Installed
s
200 200 201 201 201
8 9 0 1 2

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