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 History
‡ The USB 1.0 model was introduced in November 1995 as
the first form of USB.
‡ USB was created by the main group of core companies that
consisted of Intel, Compaq, Microsoft, Digital, IBM, and
Northern Telecom.
‡ Each company contributed to the creation of USB in one
way or another.
‡ The original Apple iMac G3, introduced May 6, 1998, was
the first computer to offer USB ports without offering
³legacy ports´.
‡ 13 years later, 2008 the USB 2.0 was finally introduced.
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‡ USB has the capability of ‡ Lets you attach anything

transferring 12 Mbps. from mice to keyboards to
‡ Supporting up to 127 your computer.
devices and only utilizing ‡ The operating system
one IRQ. supports USB.
‡ Devices can be up to 30 ‡ USB is by far the easiest
meters away from the way to connect any device
host. to your computer.
 ›
 
‡ USB devices are R


meaning you can
plug them into the bus and
unplug them at any time.
‡ A USB cable has two wires for
power(+5 volts and ground) and
a twisted pair of wires to carry
the data.
‡ The computer can supply up to
500 milliamps of power at 5
volts.
 ›
 
‡ With USB 2., the bus has a maximum data rate of 480 megabits per
second.
‡ Low-power devices can draw their power directly from the bus.
‡ High-power devices have their own power supplies and draw minimal
power from the bus.
‡ Hubs can have their own power supplies to provide power to devices
connected to the hub.
‡ The computer acts as the R 

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roc
ss
‡ When the host powers up, it queries all of the devices
connected to the bus and assigns each one an address. This
process is called  
 - devices are also
enumerated when they are connected to the bus. The host
also finds out from each device what type of data transfer it
wishes to perform.
‡ There are 3 different types of data transfers«
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‡ Interrupt- A device which will be sending very little data like a
mouse or keyboard, would choose the interrupt mode.
‡ Bulk- A device which receives data in one big packet, like a printer,
uses the bulk transfer mode. A block of data is sent to the printer and
verified to make sure it is correct.
‡ Isochronous- A streaming device, such as speakers, uses the
isochronous mode. Data streams between the device and the host in
real-time, and there is no error correction. The host can also send
commands or query parameters with control packets.
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‡ Cameras ‡ Monitors
‡ CD-Rom Drives ‡ Mouse
‡ Converters ‡ Mp3 players
‡ Joysticks ‡ Network
‡ Keyboards ‡ Removable Media
‡ Printers ‡ Scanners
‡ Microphone ‡ Speakers
‡ Modem ‡ TV Tuners
 †

‡ In the past connecting devices to computers has been a real
hassle and that is what USB is trying to resolve.
‡ Devices that needed faster connections came with their
own cards, which had to fit in a card slot inside the
computer's case. The number of card slots is limited and
you needed a Ph.D. to install the software for some of the
cards.
‡ The goal of USB is to solve all these problems. The USB
gives you one standardized way to connect i
devices to
a computer
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‡ There are several types of USB connectors.

‡ The original USB plugs and receptacles were
Standard-A and Standard-B.
‡ Standard-A is most frequently seen on cables that are
permanently attached to a device.
‡ Standard-B is mainly used for the device end of a
removable cable.
‡ The Micro-USB connector is used to replace the
Mini-USB plugs.
‡ Microsoft¶s Xbox game console used USB 1.1
signaling in its controllers and memory cards, but
features proprietary connectors and ports.
‡ There are at least 10 different types of non-standard
Mini-USB receptacles and jacks currently in use.
‡ USB-IF created the Micro series of receptacles and
jacks, to focus on one jack that delivers both power
and data.
 †

‡ The USB provides a 5V supply on a single wire from which connected USB devices may draw
power.
‡ If a bus-powered hub is used, the other devices may only use a total of four units 400 mA of current.
‡ This limits compliant bus-powered hubs to 4 ports.
‡ The host operating system usually keeps track of the power requirements of the USB network and
could issue a warning when a certain segment requires more power than what is there.
‡ On-the-Go and Battery Charging Specification both add new powering modes to USB.
‡ The main charger shorts the D+ and D- pins together and will not send or receive any information on
those lines, which allows the creation of simple, high current chargers to be created.
‡ The increased current will occur once the host/hub and devices both support the new charging
specification.
‡ As of June 14, 2007, all new mobile phones applying for a license in China are required to use a USB
port as a power port.
‡ Many mobile companies are announcing that its members had agreed on micro-USB as the future
common connector for mobile devices.
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r

‡ Uses standard USB signaling with the addition of extra power lines.
‡ It uses 4-additional pins to supply to supply power to other devices.
‡ The wires and contacts on the USB portion have been upgraded to
support higher current.
‡ This is commonly used in retail systems and provides enough power to
operate stationary barcode scanners, printers, pin pads, etc.
‡ This standard was developed by IBM.
‡ It is basically two connectors stacked so that the bottom connector
accepts a standard USB plug and the top connector takes a power
connector.
 ›


‡ FireWire is a method of transforming information between digital
devices.
‡ It is very fast, the latest version achieves speeds up to 800 Mbps and is
expected to jump to an unbelievable 3.2 Gbps.
‡ You can connect up to 63 devices with a FireWire bus.
‡ Supported by both windows operating systems and Mac OS.
‡ FireWire is plug-and-play, so when you connect a new firewire device
to your computer, the computer auto-detects it and asks what you wish
to do with it.
‡ FireWire devices are hot-pluggable, which means they can be
connected and disconnected at any time, even with the power on.
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‡ The original FireWire was faster
than USB when it came out.
‡ Transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps.
‡ The maximum distance between
devices is 4.5 meters of cable
length.
‡ Eventually, FireWire 800 replaced
USB 2.0 very easily.
‡ FireWire 800 had a transfer rate of
up to 800 Mbps.
‡ The maximum distance of cable
length between devices is 100
meters.
 ¢¢

¢ 
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‡ This is the FireWire data format standard for live

video.
‡ This system was designed for machine vision systems.
‡ Also used for some computer application programs.
‡ This is often confused with another system because
they both used FireWire; DV(Digital Video)
 › t r

c

ts
‡ Besides the short term
life span of S3200 over
the beta connector, future
creations of FireWire
should bring an increase
in speed to 6.4 Gbit/s,
use of single-mode fiber,
and additional connectors
such as the smaller port.
Feature USB FireWire

1.1 2.0 400 800

Data Transfer Rate 12 Mbps 480 Mbps 400 Mbps 800 Mbps

Number of 127 127 63 63

Devices
Plug and Play Yes Yes Yes Yes
Hot-pluggable Yes Yes Yes Yes
Isochronous Yes Yes Yes Yes
Devices
Bus Power Yes Yes Yes Yes
Bus Termination No No No No
Required

Bus Type Serial Serial Serial Serial

Cable Type Twisted pair (4 Twisted pair (4 Twisted pair (6 Twisted pair (8
wires: 2 power, 1 wires: 2 power, 1 wires: 2 power, 2 wires: 2 power, 2
twisted-pair set) twisted-pair set) twisted-pair set) twisted-pair set, 2
ground)

Networkable Yes, host-based Yes, host-based Yes, peer to peer Yes, peer to peer

Network Topology Hub Hub Daisy Chain Daisy Chain

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‡ Dell-examples: IEEE 1394a
FireWire Controller card for
Dell Workstations, OptiPlex
GX280 Desktop, Dual PCI
riser for Dell OptiPlex 745
Desktop System.
‡ ADC-examples: Campus-RS
FLEX expansion module &
CAFLEX Multi-Port Campus-
RS expansion module.
‡ Logitech
‡ Kensington
‡ Belkin Components
‡ ADS Technologies
‡ American Power Conversation
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‡ http://accessories.us.dell.com/sna/category.aspx?c=us&category_id=61
75&cs=04&l=en&s=bsd&~ck=anav&ST=usb%20hubs&dgc=ST&cid
=33011&lid=774566
‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB#Types_of_USB_connector
‡ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireWire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB
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