WHAT IS REPRODUCTION?

Reproduction is the process by which organisms make more

organisms like themselves. But even though the reproductive
system is essential to keeping a species alive, unlike other body
systems, it's not essential to keeping an individual alive.
In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells, or
gametes are involved. The male gamete, or sperm, and the
female gamete, the egg or ovum, meet in the female's
reproductive system. When sperm fertilizes an egg, this
fertilized egg is called a zygote.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
 The ovary is an organ found in the female
reproductive system that produces an ovum. When
released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the
uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm.

There is an ovary (from Latin ovarium, meaning

'egg, nut') found on each side of the body.
 The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in
the female pelvis between the bladder and rectum.

The ovaries produce the eggs that travel through

the fallopian tubes. Once the egg has left the ovary it
can be fertilized and implant itself in the lining of
the uterus.
 The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine
tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx) are uterine
appendages. It also have small hair-like projections
called cilia on the cells of the lining.

One of the two Fallopian tubes that transport

the egg from the ovary to the uterus (the womb).
 The cervix is the lower end of the womb (uterus).
It is at the top of the vagina. It is about 2.5 to 3.5 cm
long.

It allows blood from a menstrual period and a

baby (fetus) to pass from the womb into the vagina.
The cervical canal passes through the cervix.
 The vagina is an elastic, muscular canal with a soft,
flexible lining that provides lubrication and
sensation.

The vagina connects the uterus to the outside

world. The vulva and labia form the entrance, and the
cervix of the uterus protrudes into the vagina,
forming the interior end.
 HOW DOES THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM WORK?

The female reproductive system enables a

woman to:
1. produce eggs (ova)
2. have sexual intercourse
3. protect and nourish a fertilized egg until it is fully
developed
4. give birth
 DISEASES OF THE FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Menstrual cramping or dysmenorrheal is the most common
disease of the reproductive system occurs with a woman's monthly
menstrual period,
2. Vaginal yeast infection, which is caused by a yeast fungus in the
vagina. Most can be successfully treated with over-the-counter medications,
according to WebMD.
3. Endometriosis is a condition where that normally lines the inside of your
uterus — the endometrium — ends up outside of uterus, most commonly in
the ovaries, bowel or the tissue lining your pelvis. The endometrial tissue
becomes trapped, causing pain
4. Pelvic inflammatory disease can involve an infection of any of the
female reproductive organs, including the uterus and ovaries. Sexually
 Scrotum, in the male reproductive system, a thin
external sac of skin that is divided into two
compartments; each compartment contains one of
the two testes, the glands that produce sperm, and
one of the epididymis, where the sperm is stored.
 The testes (or testicles) are a pair of sperm-
producing organs that maintain the health of the male
reproductive system. The testes are known as gonads.

They produce gametes, or sperm, and

they secrete hormones, primarily
testosterone.
 Epididymis is a highly convoluted duct behind
the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas
deferens.

It transports and stores sperm cells that

are produced in the testes.
 The ductus deferens, also known as the vas
deferens, is a tiny muscular tube in the male
reproductive system that carries sperm from the
epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
There is a pair of these ducts in the male
body, with one duct carrying sperm from
each testis to the left and right ejaculatory
ducts.
 The human penis is an external male intromittent
organ that additionally serves as the urinal duct.

The penis is an external organ of the male reproductive

system. The root and body of the penis are spanned by
three masses of erectile tissue.
 The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ
whose main function is to secrete prostate fluid, one
of the components of semen.
The muscles of the prostate gland also help propel
this seminal fluid into the urethra during ejaculation
 The seminal vesicles (Latin: glandulae
vesiculosae), vesicular glands, or seminal glands, are
a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the
urinary bladder of some male mammals.

Seminal vesicles are located within the

pelvis. They secrete fluid that partly
composes the semen.
 HOW DOES THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
WORK?
The male sex organs work together to produce and release semen into
the reproductive system of the female during sexual intercourse. The
male reproductive system also produces sex hormones, which help a
boy develop into a sexually mature man during puberty.
1. During the first stage of male puberty, the scrotum and testes grow
larger.
2. Next, the penis becomes longer and the seminal vesicles and
prostate gland grow.
3. Hair begins to grow in the pubic area and later on the face and
underarms. During this time, a boy’s voice also deepens.
4. Boys also have a growth spurt during puberty as they reach their
 DISEASES OF THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. Prostate cancer is the most common, but men can also suffer from testicular and
penile cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Treatment for prostate
cancer depends on the age, severity of the disease and other health conditions of the
patient. The usual treatments for prostate cancer are surgery, radiation therapy,
watchful waiting, and hormonal treatment, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
2. Erectile dysfunction is a common condition that affects about one in 10 males on
a long-term basis, the Cleveland Clinic noted. It can be linked to vascular disease,
neurological disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis, trauma and psychological episodes.
3. Prostatitis typically involves swelling or inflammation of the prostate gland,
according to the Mayo Clinic, and can cause painful or difficult urination and
ejaculation. Nearly half of all men experience symptoms of prostatitis at some point
during their lives.
ABAD, JOHN VINCENT
ABANIEL, HANS
ACERON, QUENNIE
ADOREMOS, RHAD YDNAR
AGUILLON, ALLYSA JANE

GROUP 1: REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM STEM 12 A