Metodologi penelitian filsafat

Leo Sutrisno
Bahan diskusi M.Si Untan
2005

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 Ilmu Pengetahuan Partisipatif

Proses: Kuantitatif
Penelitian
Kualitatif

Ilmu
Pengeta-
Prosedur Aplikatif
ilmiah huan
Prosedur: Deklaratif
Produk:
Metode Pengetahuan
Alat
ilmiah Prosedural

TheSeptLiang
2005 Gie.2000 Pengantar filsafat ilmu Yogyakarta: Liberty
LS/MSi-Untan05/Filsafat 2
1. Positivistic approach
Assumptions:
– theory is universal and law-like generalization are not bound to specific
context or circumstances
– commitment to an objectivity
– events have causes which are distinct and separable
– variables can be identified and defined
– knowledge can be formalized
– relationships between and among variables can be expressed
mathematically
Implementation
– the specification of hypothesis at the start of research
– attempt to remain objective and detach from the area of study
– search for invariant causal relationships
– attempt to reduce to quantified forms
Type: quantitative research (Sutrisno, 1990)
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 Langkah-langkah penelitian kuantitatif
Population sample
Statistical
6 7 analysis
Measurement
Data 8
Instrumentation
5 Hypothesis Testing
hypothesis
Atomization 4
result 9
3
Literatur Writing
Problem report
review
2 Report
10
Real world Presentation/p
SeptStart
2005 here 1 explanation
LS/MSi-Untan05/Filsafat ublication4
2. Interpretiveapproach
• reject the belief that human behaviour is governed by
general laws
• the social world can only be understood from the
standpoint of the individual actors
Assumptions:
– Events or action is explicable in term of multiple interacting factors,
events, and processes; cause and effect are mutually interdependent
– complete objectivity is extremely difficult to be attained
– the aim of inquiry is to develop understanding of individual cases
– the world is made up of tangible and intangible multifaceted
realities
– the best studies is as a unified whole
– the inquiry is value-laden

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 Langkah-langkah penelitian kuantitatif
Population sample
analyzing

Data Gathering
Verification &
Data clarification
Reshaping &
focusing the problem Generating
hypothesis

Literature Research Writing

conformation
review problem report

Report / story

Real world understanding Presentation /

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3. Critical approach
Assumption:
• human action is outside the conscious control of personal
agency
• it is embedded in social conditions beyond the consciousness
of the actors involved
• any interpretative explanation makes sense against a
background of social rules, practices, or belief
• research involves the reforming or re-symbolizing of events
Implementation
• commitment to social change
Type: Sociological perspective approach, Participative research (Peter
Reason, 1994)

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Pengetahuan presentasional Pengetahuan proposional

Penyemaian gagasan

Penyajian data Penyampaian pengetahuan

proposisional
Penyampaian
Penyajian data pengetahuan
ke-2

PROSEDUR
Revisi
Rencana
Endapan
kegiatan dan
Pengalaman ke-2
pelaksanaan

Rencana
Endapan kegiatan dan
Pengalaman ke-1 pelaksanaan

Sept 2005
Pengetahuan empiris LS/MSi-Untan05/Filsafat Pengetahuan praktis
8
Ilmu pengetahuan dan manusia sbg subjek penelitian
Filsafat / teologi
Mengutuhkan
Imajina
tif Metode hermeneutika
Rasiona
l
Naluri
Sos-bud
Indera
wi Sama
MIPA
Unik
Objek Baru
Teknologi
Otonomi Subjek Lama
Ekspresif Relatif
Prioritas
Memecah
Intensif Otonom
Teori belah
(Anton Bakker dan Achmad Charris Zubair, 1990 Metologi penelitian filsafat Yogyakarta: Kanisius)

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 Dasar-dasar metode penelitian filsafat
Generalsasi transendental 5. Idealisasi
Keseluruhan
Deduksi Umum
2. Induksi 1.Meto
koherens de Di cari yang 6.
Magna objektif
Unsur-unsur
i Observasi lebih khusus Kompara
Singularitas/
si
fihak tertentu
Ekspresi Baru
cakrawala

4.
historis Lama 7.
Bahasa
Intensi subjek inklusif
dan
Situasi konkrit
analoga
Fakta, data, dan gejala 8. Deskripsi
3.
holistik
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