CHAPTER 7 : ANIMATION

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 1

 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTI COMPUTER
ON to GENERATED
Animation Animation

FILE MAKING
FORMATS SUCCESSFUL
used in Animations
Animation
 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION

 Animation is defined as the act of making something come

alive.
 It is concerned with the visual or aesthetic (beauty) aspect
of the project.
CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 3
 Animation is an object moving across or into or out of the
INTRODUCTION TO ANIMATION

 Animation is possible because of a

biological phenomenon known as
persistence of vision and a
psychological phenomenon called
phi.

 An object seen by the human eye

remains chemically mapped on the
eye’s retina for a brief time after
viewing.

 In animation, a series of images are

rapidly changed to create an
illusion of movement.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 4

PHI Phenomenon

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA|

5
CHAPTER 7
 COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE

 Animation can be rendered in:

2-1/2 D
Space
2-D 3-D
Space Space

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 6

COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE : 2D

 2-D animations are very simple

and static, not changing
position on the screen.

 Occur on flat Cartesian x and y

axes of the screen.

 Using authoring and presentation

software (flash, PowerPoint)

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 7

COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE : 2-1/2D

 An illusion of depth (z-axis) is

created through shadowing,
highlighting, and forced
perspective, though in reality the
image rests in two dimensions(x and
y).
 2D animation drawn into a 3-D space

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 8

COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE : 3D

 Complicated and realistic

animations are done in 3-D space
(x, y and z).

 Allowing an image to created with

front, back, sides, top,
bottom, etc.

 Using 3-D animation program such

as NewTeks’s Lightwave or Alias|
Wavefront’s Maya.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 9

COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 10

COMPUTER-GENERATED
ANIMATION
ANIMATION SPACE

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 11

 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
ANIMATION PROCESS

The steps to be followed

1. Organize the execution in
when creating a series of logical steps.
animation are:

2. Choose an animation tool

best suited for the job.

3. Build and tweak the

sequences.

4. Post-process the completed

animation.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 12

 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
1. CEL ANIMATION

 The animation techniques a made famous by Disney (plays at 24

frames per second).
 Means, one minutes require as 1440 separate frames.
 Cel animation is a technique in which a series of progressively
different graphics are used on each frame of movie film.
 Cel animation begins with keyframes.
 The term "cel" is derived from the clear celluloid sheets that were
used for drawing each frame. MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7
CSC253 INTERACTIVE 13
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
1. CEL ANIMATION

KEYFRAMES

 KEYFRAMES refer to the first and the last frame of an action.

 The frames in between the keyframes are drawn in the tweening
process.
CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 14
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
1. CEL ANIMATION

TWEENING

 TWEENING is an action that takes place between keyframes, that

requires calculating the number of frames between
keyframes and the path the action takes.

 Tweening is followed by the pencil test.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 15
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
2. COMPUTER ANIMATION

 Computer animation is very similar to cel animation – use terms

such as layer, keyframe and tweening.
 The primary difference is in how much must be drawn by the
animator and how much is automatically generated by the
software. CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 16
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
2. COMPUTER ANIMATION

INK MORPHING

INKS is the term that specify MORPHING is an effect in

special method for which a still or moving
computing color values, image is transformed into
providing edge detection and another.
layering for applying effects
on the images.
CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 17
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
2. COMPUTER ANIMATION

WARPING

WARPING allows you to

manipulate a single
image
CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 18
 ANIMATION TECHNIQUES
2. COMPUTER ANIMATION

INVERSE
KINEMATICS
KINEMATICS
KINEMATICS is the study of INVERSE KINEMATICS is the
the movement and motion process of linking objects
of structures that have joints. and defining their
E.g. animation of walking relationship and limits.
man.
. CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 19
 FILE FORMATS FOR ANIMATION
GIF89a File Format

 It is a version of the GIF image format.

 GIF89a allows multiple images to be put into a single file
and then be displayed as an animation in the Web browser.
 Applications like BoxTop Software's GIFmation or ULead's GIF
Animator are needed to create GIF89a animation.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 20

FILE FORMATS FOR ANIMATION
Other File Formats:

# File Format Software Files

1 .dir and .dcr Director files

2 .fli and .flc AnimatorPro files

3 .max 3D Studio Max files
4 .pics SuperCard and Director files
5 .fla and .swf Flash files

6 .qt and .mov QuickTime files

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 21

MAKING SUCCESSFUL ANIMATIONS

 Use animation carefully and

sparingly.
 High quality animations require
superior display platforms and
hardware, as well as raw
computing horsepower.
 File compression is very important
when preparing animation files for
the Web.

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA| CHAPTER 7 22

The Animation Process From 1938

CSC253 INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA|

23
CHAPTER 7