TOPIC:- Perception &

Factors Influencing Perception

Prepared by:-

Name Roll No
SREERAG. J 50
SHABINI 42
JOSHANA 26
DILNA 20
Chapter-5 3
Chapter-5 4
Chapter-5 5
 Meaning of Perception

 Perception may be defined as the process by which an

individual selects, organizes and interpret stimuli into a
meaningful and coherent picture of the environment in
which he lives.
The process by which people notice and make sense of

information from the environment”

Factors that influence perception
 Factors in the perceiver
Attitude
Evaluative statements or judgments concerning
objects, people or value.
reflect how we feel about something.
Motives
It reflects stimuli that cause to perform particular action.
states goals, purpose perceived by perceiver from
event,situation,etc.
Interest
State that power the force an attitude has towards manifestation
in a persons behaviour .
Expectations
 State that anticipation of a particular behavior
from a person .
Affects what a person perceives.
c

Experience
Experience and knowledge serve as basis for
perception. While one’s successful experience enhance
his/her perceptive ability, failure erodes his/her self
confidence. Successful experience also helps perceiver
understand stimuli with more accuracy.
 Values

Values can be defined as broad preferences

concerning appropriate courses of actions or
outcomes. As such, values reflect a person's
sense of right and wrong or what "ought" to
be. "Equal rights for all", "Excellence deserves
admiration", and "People should be treated
with respect and dignity" are representatives of
values.
 Ethics
 Ethics or moral philosophy is a
branch of philosophy that involves
systematizing, defending, and
recommending concepts of right and
wrong conduct The field of ethics, along with
aesthetics, concerns matters of value, and
thus comprises the branch of philosophy
called axiology.
BASIS FOR COMPARISON
Meaning
.
ETHICS
Ethics refers to the
VALUES
Value is defined as the
guidelines for conduct, principles and ideals, that
that address question helps them in making
about morality. judgement of what is more
important.

What are they? System of moral principles. Stimuli for thinking.

Consistency Uniform Differs from person to

person
Tells What is morally correct or What we want to do or
incorrect, in the given achieve.
situation.

Determines Extent of rightness or Level of importance.

wrongness of our options.

What it does? Constrains Motivates

 Factors in the situation

Time

Time perception is a construction of the brain that

can also be manipulated and studied through a
variety of experiments.
What are the factors that affect your perception
of how time passes?
Level of fatigue
Level of Concentration
Depression & Happiness
Work setting
Social setting(How an individual
perceives
other)
“Social perception is that part of perception
that allows people to understand the other
people in their social world.”

Social perceptions can obviously be flawed - even

skilled observers can misperceive, misjudge, and
reach the wrong conclusions. Once we form
wrong impressions, they are likely to persist.
 Factors in the target
Try this exercise. Look at each umbrella image. Is the
message of each image different? If so, what makes the
message different?
Novelty:-
novel or something unique or a
peculiar idea is likely to attract anyone’s
attention. white person or a black person in India
attract
catches attention faster.
Motion
People gives more attention to moving objects
than the stationery objects.
Example:
Moving object Stationery object
Sounds
Sound or noise level is a quantity
level
measured with physical
measuring instruments.
Loudness is a psycho-physical sensation perceived by
the human auditory perception or the human
ear/brain mechanism. That is not the same.
 Furthermore, for music, and many
sounds,
speech, the physical characteristics
other
of the
produce hearing in the listener.
sound TV
sensations
advertisement, Radio advertisement
Size
Larger object is more likely to be noticed than a
smaller Object.

Example:
Which you can read fast?

God is great God is great

background
Proximity or geographical proximity is an important
factor for formation of groups. For the same reason
an individual behavior may be perceived to be group
behavior.
Proximity
But the real is the all ball is not
happy but sad.
Similarity

how items that are similar in some way tend to be grouped

together. On similarities and differences in cultural perceptions
of the environment.
Common shortcuts in judging
others

Selective perception
People selectively interpret what they see
on the basis of their interests, background, experience
and attitudes.
 Halo effect
Tendency to draw a general impression about an
individual on the basis of a single
characteristic.
• Halo effect is just like 1st impression is
Last impression
• Like people having good quality and dislike
those who have bad qualities. People may
be judged by their work not by their dress
• People may be judged by their result not by
their attendance
Contrast effect Evaluation of a
person’sby comparisons with
characteristic that is affected
other people recently encountered who rank higher or
lower on the same characteristic.
 Stereotyping
Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of
The group to which that person belongs.
Projection
Attributing’ one’s own characteristic to other people