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  • Thyroid

    Transféré par

    Auda Nadira
    9 vues31 pages
    This document discusses different types of thyroid conditions. It describes goiter, which can be endemic, diffuse, or multinodular. It also discusses hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes and clinical effects. Specifically, it outlines primary and secondary hypothyroidism, as well as the cardiac, ocular, neuromuscular, skin and gastrointestinal manifestations of hyperthyroidism. It then focuses on endemic goiter caused by iodine deficiency, as well as sporadic goiter and multinodular goiter. Finally, it describes benign tumors like follicular adenomas and malignant thyroid cancers including papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinomas.

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    This document discusses different types of thyroid conditions. It describes goiter, which can be endemic, diffuse, or multinodular. It also discusses hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes and clinical effects. Specifically, it outlines primary and secondary hypothyroidism, as well as the cardiac, ocular, neuromuscular, skin and gastrointestinal manifestations of hyperthyroidism. It then focuses on endemic goiter caused by iodine deficiency, as well as sporadic goiter and multinodular goiter. Finally, it describes benign tumors like follicular adenomas and malignant thyroid cancers including papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinomas.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9 vues31 pages

    Thyroid

    Transféré par

    Auda Nadira
    This document discusses different types of thyroid conditions. It describes goiter, which can be endemic, diffuse, or multinodular. It also discusses hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, their causes and clinical effects. Specifically, it outlines primary and secondary hypothyroidism, as well as the cardiac, ocular, neuromuscular, skin and gastrointestinal manifestations of hyperthyroidism. It then focuses on endemic goiter caused by iodine deficiency, as well as sporadic goiter and multinodular goiter. Finally, it describes benign tumors like follicular adenomas and malignant thyroid cancers including papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinomas.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PPTX, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 31

    ‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬

    ‫‪STRUMA‬‬
    ‫‪GOITER‬‬
    NORMAL THYROID
    TYPES OF GOITER

    Endemi
    Diffuse c
    (non
    toxic) Spora
    Goiter dic
    Multinodular
    (toxic / non
    toxic)
    HYPOTHYROIDISM
    Primary hypothyroidism
     Thyroiditis :Hashimoto autoimmune
    thyroiditis
     Dietary iodine deficiency.
     Drugs that block thyroid hormone synthesis.
     Thyroid surgery or radiation.

    Secondary hypothyroidism:
    usually caused by TSH deficiency.
    HYPOTHYROIDISM
    Clinical effects:

    Cretinism
    HYPOTHYROIDISM
    Myxdema
    HYPERTHYROIDISIM (THYROTOXICOSIS)
    CLINICAL FEATURES:

    Cardiac manifestations
    Ocular manifestations
    Neuromuscular system
    Skin
    Gastrointestinal system
    Low serum TSH with
    increased free serum T4.
    ENDEMIC GOITER

    Low iodine content in drinking water & food (Himalayas, Alps,


    Andes, areas far from the sea)
    Prevalence decreasing due to prophylactic iodination of salt
    Iodine deficiency causes decreased hormone levels &
    consequent elevation in TSH
    SPORADIC GOITER

    Commonest type of goiter


    Euthyroid, but may be hypo- or hyper-
    Mostly idiopathic, but RARELY, may be caused by:
     Drugs used in Rx of hyperthyroidism
     Goitrogens e.g. cauliflower, cabbage, cassava
     Suboptimal iodine intake
     Hereditary enzymatic defects
    MULTINODULAR GOITER

    Asymmetric
    enlargement
    Multinodular
    Haemorrhage
    Calcification
    Fibrosis
    Cystic
    degeneration
    MULTINODULAR GOITER
    (NODULAR COLLOID GOITER)
    MULTINODULAR GOITER

    Numerous follicles
    varying in size
    Recent
    haemorrhage
    Haemosiderin
    Calcification
    Cystic degeneration
    +/- dominant nodule
    MULTINODULAR GOITER
    (NODULAR COLLOID GOITER)
    TUMORS OF THE THYROID
    GLAND
    A) Benign tumors:
    Follicular adenoma

    B) Malignant tumors
    Thyroid carcinoma
    BENIGN TUMORS
    THYROID FOLLICULAR ADENOMA
    BENIGN TUMORS
    THYROID FOLLICULAR ADENOMA

    various histologic subtypes


    Microscopic picture:
    according to degree of follicle formation and
    colloid content:
    1- Colloid adenoma (macrofollicular).
    2- Fetal adenoma (microfollicular).
    3- Embryonal adenoma.
    4- Hϋrthle cell adenoma.
    5- Atypical adnoma.
    BENIGN TUMORS
    THYROID FOLLICULAR ADENOMA
    THYROID FOLLICULAR ADENOMA
    Clinical effects:
    THYROID CARCINOMA
    Papilary carcinoma
    Follicular carcinoma
    Medullary carcinoma
    Anaplastic carcinoma
    PAPILLARY CARCINOMA
    PAPILLARY CARCINOMA
    FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
    FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
    CAPSULAR INVASION IN
    FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
    VASCULAR INVASION IN
    FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA
    MEDULLARY CARCINOMA
    MEDULLARY CARCINOMA
    ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA
    ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA
    Thyroid Nodule
    Thyroid
    nodule

    Non-
    Neoplastic
    neoplastic

    Nodular
    Hashimoto
    colloid Adenoma carcinomas
    thyroiditis
    goiter
    Thank you

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