Clauses, Phrases & Sentence Types

English 10 Academic
Mrs. Llanos
Senten
Clause Phrase ce
s s Types
Independe Fragments Simple
nt
Dependent Fused Compound
Dependent Complex
Clauses in
Complex
Sentences Compound
-Complex
 Independent & Dependent
(Subordinate) Clauses
a group of words that contains a subject and a verb

Expresses a complete Does not express a

Expresses a complete Does not express a
thought and can stand complete thought and
thought and can stand complete thought and
alone as a complete cannot stand alone as a
alone as a complete cannot stand alone as a
sentence sentence
sentence sentence
 Independent & Subordinate Clauses

Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or

subordinate clauses.

1. Before you sign up for a vacation trip, read the fine print.

2. Most tour companies are responsible operators.

3. However, travelers must agree to their terms and

conditions.

4. Whenever you see the word “liability,” read the text

carefully.

5. Pay attention to the details as you read.

Practice: Identify the italicized words as independent or
subordinate clauses.

6. Tour companies hire outside services, but they aren’t

responsible for mishaps with those services.

7. If the airline loses your luggage, the tour company isn’t

accountable.

8. When there’s no heat in the mountain lodge, the tour

guide can only sympathize.

9. In fact, he or she will probably complain as much as you

will.

10. Of course, no one is responsible if Mother Nature rains on

your vacation.
 Simple & Compound Sentences
Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
1. Simple Sentence = one independent clause

Ex: The cow jumps over the moon.

2. Compound Sentence = two or more independent clauses

joined by conjunction(s) Conjunctions = connectors
- Independent clauses may be joined by a semicolon
(used alone or with a transition).

Ex: The cow jumps over the moon, and the fork ran away with

the spoon.
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
Simple & Compound Sentences
Sentence Fragments
part of a sentence has been left out

A fragment doesn’t convey a complete thought.

 Sentence Fragments
My little sister has a dance recital
Missing Subject tonight.

My mother sat up all night sewing her

Missing Verb costume.

My sister will dance the part of the

Missing Helping leading ladybug.
Verb

She is scheduled to perform at the end of

Missing Subject & Verb
the recital.
I feel I ought to go, since she goes to all my soccer games.
OR
Subordinate Clause Since She goes to all my soccer games.
 Sentence Fragments
In 1865 Western Union needed a telegraph cable. To link

America to Europe. Before they could lay the cable across

Siberia. Someone needed to survey the land. The task of

surveying to George Kennan, an accomplished telegrapher.

went
Fused Sentences
two or more sentences have been run together
without adequate punctuation

It doesn’t show clearly where one idea begins

and another ends.
 Fused (Run-On) Sentences
In 1972, a company called
Atari created the first
Missing End Mark video game. It was called
Pong.

By modern standards it was a

very simple game, but it quickly
achieved great popularity.
Comma Splice By modern standards it was a
(Two complete thoughts are very simple game; it quickly
separated only by a comma.) achieved great popularity.

By modern standards it was a

very simple game. It quickly
achieved great popularity.
 Fused (Run-On) Sentences

Kennan was not a linguist, he thought

Russian was impossible to learn.

Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
Fused (Run-On) Sentences
 Complex Sentences
Subject + Verb + Complete Thought
Complex Sentence = one independent clause + 1 or more

dependent clauses

Ex: While Mary cooks dinner, she watches the evening news.
Complex Sentences
Complex Sentences
 Dependent Clauses in
Complex Sentences

although what(ever) where(ver)

before that because

when(ever) which(ever) during

if (even) though who(m)(ever)

while after since

Dependent Clauses in Complex
Sentences
ndent Clauses in Complex Sent
Dependent Clauses in Complex
Sentences
 Compound-Complex Sentences

Subject + Verb + Complete Thought

Compound-Complex Sentence = 2 independent clauses joined

by a conjunction + 1 or more dependent clause(s)

Ex: I read Frankenstein, which Mary Shelley wrote, and I

reported on it.
Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
Sentence Type Review
Sentence Type Review