CHAPTER 9 DEVELOPING

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

SHARIFAH NADHIRA BINTI SYED ISKANDAR

FATIMAH AL AISYAH BINTI AHMAD
 Objectives
Describe factors that may cause revisions in media
selection and delivery system

Name and describe components of instructional

package

4 categories of criteria for judging appropriateness

of existing materials.
Factors that cause constrains of media
selection and deliver system
• Availability of existing instructional materials
• Production and implementation constraint
• Amount of facilitation that the instructor
provide
Different levels of facilitation by instuctor

• Academic
- Instructor centered
- Facilitated by instructor active participation

Open university
- instructor/materials centered
- Facilitated by learning center staff, graduate
staff and so on.
 Cont
• Professional and technical training of distance
learning.
- Materials and software centered
- Independent learning helped by software.

*facilitation depends on the instructor’s role which

is decided before selecting and developing materials
Components of an Instructional Package

• Instructional materials
• Assessments
• Course management information
 Selecting Existing Instructional Materials

• Goal- centered criteria for evaluation

materials
• Learner- centered criteria for evaluating
materials
• Learning - centered criteria for evaluating
materials
• Context – centered criteria for evaluating
materials
 Goal- centered criteria for evaluating
materials
• Focused on the content of instruction
• Instructional analysis documents will be used to determine
the acceptability of content.

• Criteria:
- Congruence between content and performance objectives
- Completeness of content coverage
- Authority
- Accuracy
- Currency
- Objectivity
 Learner- centered
• Appropriateness of materials for the target
group

• Aspects:
- Vocabulary and language levels
- Developmental, motivation and interest level
- Background and experience
- Special language or other needs
 Learning- centered
• To decide whether existing materials are adequate
or does it need to be enhance or to adapt different
elements in the materials.

• Materials are evaluated to determine whether:

- Preinstructional materials are included
- Content sequencing is correct
- Presentation is complete, current, and tailored for
learners
 Cont:
- Students participation and congruent practice
exercise exist.
- Adequate feedback is included
- Appropriate assessments are available
- Adequate follow through for enhancing
memory and transfer
- Delivery system and media format are
appropriate for objectives and learning context
 Cont
- Adequate learner guidance to move from one
component to the other.
* Possible to combine several sources to ensure
completeness of information
 Context - centered
• Instructional and performance context analysis can
help you judge whether the existing materials can
be adopted or adapted in your setting.

• Criteria
- Authenticity of materials for context and learners
- Feasibility of materials for your setting and budget.
- Technical qualities : packaging, graphic design,
typography, durability, legibility, audio and video
quality……..