ASHRAM

P HYSICS On l i n e S e s s i o n

Motion
Prepared by – RS Sir ( Rutvik Senjaliya)
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Introduction
Mechanics
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Study of Motion

Kinematics Dynamics
Study of Motion Study of Motion with
without considering considering cause of
cause of Motion Motion
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Motion

If an object is changing its position with

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respect to time and reference frame than the

object is said to be in motion
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Position

To define Position we need :

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1. Reference Point
2. Distance from reference point
3. Direction from reference point
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Position
Invent technique to define position
Y-Values
of all the points in given Box.
8
([X
VALUE
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([X
6

VALUE] ]; [Y
VALUE
5

; [Y
])
4

VALUE]
3

2
)
1

0
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Position
Invent technique to define position of all the points in given Box.
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c m
5
r=1
m
5c

cm
r=

r= 20
 ASHRAM
On l i n e S e s s i o n
Motion

If an object is changing its position with

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respect to time and reference frame than the

object is said to be in motion
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P HYSICS On l i n e S e s s i o n
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P HYSICS On l i n e S e s s i o n
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P HYSICS On l i n e S e s s i o n
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P HYSICS On l i n e S e s s i o n
 ASHRAM Distance &
On l i n e S e s s i o n Displacement
The path length between the initial and final positions of the
particle gives the distance covered by the particle. Its SI unit is
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meter

The minimum distance between the initial and final positions of

a body during that time interval is called displacement. Its SI
unit is meter
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
•Speed is defined as the distance travelled by the object in per unit time. SI unit
of speed is meter per second. So,
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where s is the distance traveled by the body and t is the time taken by the body
to travel distance s.

•Speed of a body gives us the idea how slow or fast that body is moving.

•The ratio of total distance to total time taken by the body gives its average
speed.
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
• The speed of a body at a given instant is its instantaneous speed.
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• SI unit of Speed – m/s

• Speed is a scalar quantity.

• Instantaneous speed of any object gives exact information regarding

journey of any object.
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
• The rate of change of displacement of a body with the passage of time is
known as velocity of the body. SI unit of Velocity is m/s.
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• Velocity is nothing but the speed of an object moving in a definite direction.

It is a vector quantity.

• The velocity of an object can be uniform or variable. It can be changed by

changing the object’s speed, direction of motion or both.
 
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
• A body is said to be moving with uniform velocity if it covers equal
displacement in equal intervals of time in a specified direction.
 
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• A body is said to be moving with non-uniform velocity if it covers unequal

displacement in equal intervals of time and vice-versa in a specified
direction or if it changes the direction of motion.
 
• The velocity of a body can be changed in two ways first by changing the
speed of the body and second by changing the direction of motion of the
body by keeping the speed constant. Also both speed and direction of the
body can be varied in order to change the velocity of the body.
 
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
We want to predict the motion of any object then
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On l i n e S e s s i o n
Acceleration : Acceleration of a body or an object is defined as the change in
velocity per unit time.
 
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• SI unit : meter per second square (m s–2). It is a vector quantity.

 

• If the velocity of an object changes from an initial value u to the final value
v in time t, the acceleration a is given by,
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On l i n e S e s s i o n

• If acceleration is in the direction of the velocity then it is positive

acceleration and if it is in the direction opposite to the direction of
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velocity then it is negative and the negative acceleration is termed

retardation.
 
• Instantaneous Acceleration : The change of velocity at a particular instant
is called instantaneous acceleration. In other words the acceleration of a
body at any instant is called instantaneous acceleration.
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On l i n e S e s s i o n

What is meant by velocity/speed of an object?

If an object moves with speed of 5 m/s, then it means
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t=1 s t=2 s t=3 s t=4 s t=5 s

distance=5 mdistance=5 mdistance=5 mdistance=5 m

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On l i n e S e s s i o n
What is meant by acceleration of an object?
If an object moves with an acceleration of 5 m/s2, then it means
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v=3 m/s v=8 m/s v=13 m/s v=18 m/s

t=1 s t=2 s t=3 s t=4 s

distance distance distance

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