Chapter 5B

Modern CPUs

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Chapter outline
• A look inside the processor
• Types of processors available
• Extending the Processor's power
– Standard computer ports

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

5B-2
 A Look Inside The Processor
• Architecture
– Determines
• Location of CPU parts
• Bit size
• Number of registers
• Pipelines
– Main difference between CPUs

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

5B-3
 Microcomputer

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

5A-4
 CPU

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

5A-5
Microcomputer Processors
• Intel
– Leading manufacturer of processors
– Intel 4004 was worlds first microprocessor
– IBM PC powered by Intel 8086
– Current processors
• Centrino
• Itanium
• Pentium IV
• Xeon
• Core to Due
• Core i3/5/7/9 Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs
 Microcomputer Processors
• Intel
Model Primary use Clock Speed No. of Transistor

Itanium 2 Server 1.3 GHz 410 million

Pentium 4 PC 1.4 GHz 42-55 million

Pentium III Xeon Server/Workstation 700 MHZ 42- 55 million

Pentium III PC 650 MHz 28-44 million

Celeron Budget PC 500 MHZ 28 – 44 million

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Microcomputer Processors
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
– Main competitor to Intel
– Originally produced budget products
– Current products outperform Intel
– Current processors
• Sempron
• Athlon FX 64
• Athlon XP

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Microcomputer Processors
• AMD Processor
Model Clock Speed No. of Transistor

Athlon FX 64 2.2GHz 105.9 million

Athlon XP 2.2GHz 54.3 million

Opteron for 1.4 GHZ 106 million

Server
Athlon 1.0GHz 37 million

Duron 600 MHZ 25 million

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Microcomputer Processors
• Freescale
– A subsidiary of Motorola
– Co-developed the Apple G4
PowerPC(Freescale, Apple and IBM)
– Currently focuses on the Linux market
– Favorite among companies that built larger
UNIX Based computer

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Microcomputer Processors
• IBM
– Historically manufactured mainframes
– Partnered with Apple to develop G5
• First consumer 64 bit chip

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Comparing Processors
• Speed of processor
• Size of cache
• Number of registers
• Bit size
• Speed of Front side bus

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Comparing Processors
• CPUs Performance Specifications
Specification AMD Athlon Intl Pentium IV PowerMac G5
64FX
Number of 16 16 80
Registers
Word Size 64 bits 32 bits 64 bits
Front Side or 1.6 GHz 800MHz 1 GHz
System bus speed

L1 Cache 128 KB Na Na
L2 Cache 1024 KB 512 KB 512 KB

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Comparing Processors
• Intel CPUs Performance Specifications
Core i3 Core i5 Core i7
Dual Core CPU Dual Core CPU Dual Core CPU( models ending
with M)
80
Hyper Threading Slightly higher clock Quad core CPU( Model ending
speeds than core i3 with QM)
Hyper threading Higher clock speeds than core i5

Turbo Boost Hyper threading

Turbo boost
Virtualization( can run multiple OS
at the same time)

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Comparing Processors
Best High-End CPU
Intel Core i7-8700K AMD Ryzen Threadripper
1950X
Cores 6 16
Threads 12 32
Base Clock 3.7 GHz 3.4 GHz
Boost Clock 4.7 GHz 4.0 GHZ
L3 Cashe 2MB 32 MB
TDP 95W 180 W

Core i9: 4.5 GHz, 18 cores/36 threads,32 GB RAM,

3.2 TB HD
Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs
Advanced Processor Topics
• RISC processors
– Reduced Instruction Set Computing
– Smaller and simpler instruction sets
– May process data faster
– Register based Instruction- Register to Register
– PowerPC and G5
CISC- Complex Instruction Set Computing
- Developed by Intel
- Complex and large number Instructions
- Data Transfer slower- Memory to memory
- Not Register Base Instructions -Memory base
Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs
Difference Between CIS and RISC Processor

Architectural Complex Instruction Set Reduced Instruction Set

Characteristics Computer(CISC) Computer(RISC)

Large set of instructions

Small set of instructions
Instruction size and format with variable formats (16-
with fixed format (32 bit).
64 bits per instruction).

Data transfer Memory to memory. Register to register.

Most micro coded using

control memory (ROM) but Mostly hardwired without
CPU control
modern CISC use control memory.
hardwired control.
Not register based Register based
Instruction type
instructions. instructions.
Memory access More memory access. Less memory access.

Clocks Includes multi-clocks. Includes single clock.

Instructions are reduced
Instruction nature Instructions are complex.
and simple.
Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs
Advanced Processor Topics
• Parallel Processing
– Multiple processors in a system
– Symmetric Multiple Processing(SMP)
• Number of processors is a power of 2
– Massively Parallel Processing (MPP)
• Thousands of processors
• Mainframes and super computers

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Standard Computer Ports
Extending The Processors Power
• Standard computer ports
– Keyboard and mouse ports
– USB ports
– Parallel
– Network
– Modem
– Audio
– Serial
– Video

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending The Processors Power
• Serial and parallel ports
– Connect to printers or modems
– Parallel ports move bits simultaneously
• Made of 8 – 32 wires
• Internal busses are parallel

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending The Processors Power
– Serial ports move one bit
• Lower data flow than parallel
• Requires control wires
• UART ( Universal Asynchronous Rceiver-
Transmitter) converts from serial to parallel

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Serial Communications
Parallel Communications
Extending The Processors Power
• SCSI
– Small Computer System Interface
– Supports dozens of devices
– External devices daisy chain
– Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending The Processors Power
• USB
– Universal Serial Bus
– Most popular external bus
– Supports up to 127 devices
– Hot swappable

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power
• FireWire
– IEEE 1384
– Cameras and video equipment
– Hot swappable
– Port is very expensive
– Expensive
– Wie aceptance as a standard for plugging
video and high data throughput device

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power
• Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(MIDI)
– Used since 1980s
– Many sound cards are MIDI compliant
– Plug wide variety of musical instrumrnts
• Electronic synthesizer
• Drum
• Light system
• Amplification

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power
• Expansion slots and boards
– Allows users to configure the machine
– Slots allow the addition of new devices
– Devices are stored on cards
– Computer must be off before inserting

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power
• PC Cards
– Expansion bus for laptops
– PCMCIA
– Hot swappable
– Small card size
– Three types, I (Memory), II(Network
Adapter and III(Hard drive)
– Type II is most common

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power
• Plug and play
– New hardware detected automatically
– Prompts to install drivers
– Non-technical users can install devices

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Chapter Summery
• Different parts of microcomputers
• Types of processors: Intel, AMD,
Freescale, RISC
• Parallel Processing
• Types Ports
– Standard Computer ports
– Serial and Parallel ports
– Specialized expansion ports

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

5B-33
 Chapter 5B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Extending The Processors Power

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

Extending the Processors Power

Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs

 Comparing Processors
Best CPU: Intel Core i7-8700K
Cores: 6 | Threads: 12 | Base clock: 3.7GHz | Boost
clock: 4.7GHz | L3 cache: 12MB | TDP: 95W

Core i9: 4.5 GHz, 18 cores/36 threads,32 GB RAM,

3.2 TB HD

• Best high-end CPU: AMD Ryzen

Threadripper 1950X
• Ripping threads and breaking records
• Cores: 16 | Threads: 32 | Base clock:
3.4GHz | Boost clock: 4.0GHz | L3 cache:
32MB | TDP: 180W Chapter 5B : Modern CPUs