PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

CHAPTER I - Nature and Inquiry of Research

Define REASEARCH in one
word
Bring out ¼ sheet of paper
1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
2. Why is research considered a repeated
activity?
3. Why do you do research?
4. What are some of the challenges that you
face/will face in doing research?
PRE-LEARNING CHECK
  Research was coined from two words:
re means “again”
search means “to look for something”
 Research denotes “to look for something again”

What is  Researchers may want to:

Research? 1. look for new ideas

2. improve certain processes
3. create for something useful
4. explain a series of observations
5. look at something in a different perspective
  Research is defined as a systematic and
organized process of collecting, organizing, and
interpreting data to find answers to people’s

What is queries.

Research?  Most of the society’s major problems are

resolved, needs are satisfies, and demands are
met because of the ideas resulting from
research.
  The improvement in our way of living is
brought about by research
 These advancements of technology and
improvements in our way living are brought
What is about by research.
Research?  Research also seeks to understand various
groups, to bring forth the ideas of inclusivity
and the ‘no one left behind’ principle in the
course of human advancement.
  Verification of Existing Knowledge
- aimed at verifying or proving the truth of
existing theories or knowledge. This verification

Aims of may lead to the development of new ideas and

strengthening a current knowledge.
Research
 Acquisition of New Knowledge
-brings forth new ideas regarding a theory ow
even create a totally new theory.
  Application of New Knowledge
-once new ideas are proven true, they are
utilized and translated into something useful to
humankind.

Aims of  Advancement of the Researcher’s Expertise

Research -researchers do not only verify theories or
discover new ideas and technologies, but also
gain relevant experiences that enhance and
deepen their knowledge and skills in the area of
their investigations.
 Research can be classified into different types
according to function --
 Exploration- When its purpose is to provide a
foundation for future studies, the research is
called an exploratory investigation. Exploring
Functions of new topics may lead to unexpected discoveries,
Research ideas or phenomena.
 Description- When the primary purpose of
research is to give additional information on
newly discovered ideas that are results of
exploration, it is called
 descriptive research. Information is needed to be
supplied in order to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’
questions instead of formulating unsure
explanations.

Functions of  Explanation- This task of looking at how things

Research are connected and how they interact is the
primary purpose of an explanatory research.
This type of research aims to explain
relationships existing between variables,
quantitatively or qualitatively.
  Realistic- empirical data are those derived
actual observations of a phenomenon,
interviews of people who have witnessed an
incident, and other actions that yield valid

Characteristics evidence of one’s inverstigations.

of Research  Logical- research follows valid, definite

principles, frameworks, and procedures. These
are proper, logical, and ethical approaches to
search for answers to a specific research
question.
  Cyclical- It starts with a problem and ends with
another. As soon as a research question is
answered, other questions may arise.

Characteristics  Analytical- After employing the procedures

of Research correctly, the final must be analyzed to identify
the desired meaning from the obtained
information. Proper analysis should be done
before making final conclusions.
  Objective- objectivity is defined as lack of bias,
analysis and interpretation of data must be free of
bias. Inclination toward bias results to the total of the
research activity.
 Critical- when the researcher is careful in processing
ideas and judgment. This is especially true in
qualitative research where statistics brings little help,
Characteristics unlike in quantitative research. The credibility of the
of Research researcher plays an important and critical role in
qualitative research.
 Replicable- researchers redo or repeat the
investigation until it will become valid and reliable.
Activities that cannot be repeated do not possess this
characteristic and, therefore cannot be technically
classified as research.
 Definitions of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research is an inquiry approach
useful for describing trends and explaining the
relationship among variables found in the
literature. To conduct this inquiry, the
investigator specifies narrow questions,
locates or develops instruments using
statistics. From the results of these analyzes,
the researcher interprets the data using prior
predictions and research studies. The final
report, presented in standard format, display
researcher objectivity and lack of bias.
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Qualitative Research
Quantitative research is an inquiry approach
useful for exploring and understanding a central
phenomenon. To learn about this phenomenon,
the inquirer asks participants broad, general
questions, collects the detailed views of
participants in the form of words or images,
and analyzes the information for description
and themes. From this data, the researcher
interprets the meaning of the information
drawing on personal reflections and past
research. The structure of the final report is
flexible, and it displays the researcher’s biases
and thoughts.
 Why is research
important in daily life?