Chapter 2

Understanding body
coordination
If you come across a frightening situation like
this, what would be your reactions?
Body coordination?

Is a processs by which different parts of the

body work together to bring about the
correct response.
Tindakbalas yang betul…

Jari terkena benda panas:

Ternampak hantu :

Kena cubit :

Terbau bau makanan :

Lets do this….

Instruction..
1. Hear what I say n do it…
Brain Leg muscles
Instruction Ears hear
receive the contract to
“ JUMP” the sound
message jump

Mosquito Itch (gatal) Brain receive Muscles of

bite on your arm. the message the other
arm contract
to hit the
mosquito
For body coordination to take place ,there must be a stimulus
Stimuli
Activity Stimulus Receptor Interpreter Effector
(ransangan)
1 Sound of “JUMP” Ears Brain Leg muscles

2 Book dropping Ears, eyes Brain Back muscles

and arm
muscles

3 Mosquito bite skin Brain Arm muscles

4 Smell of food Nose Brain Salivary gland

(kelenjar air
liur)
For body coordination to take place ,there must be a stimulus
Flow chart for body coordination
The pathway of a body coordination

Endocrine
system
(glands
secrete
hormones)
Why body coordination is
important?
 What happen if you don’t withdraws your
hand quickly after touching hot kettle?
 What happen if you don’t run quickly after
seeing a tiger?
 Is it a normal person if you not cry after
hearing a sad tragedy?

Does body coordination important?

The important of body
coordination….
Understanding the human
nervous system

Made up of

Consist of
Functions…
Central nervous system
Spinal nerves

Function :
Connecting the spinal cord with the receptors and
affectors in the body
Cranial nerves
Function :
Connecting the brain
with the sensory
organs and internal
organs such as the
heart and lungs
Cranial nerves
Neuron

 The human nervous system is made up of

nerve cells called neurones
 Neurones :
transmit impulses from receptors to effectors
 dendrites
Neurons dendrones

Axon

Nerves Ending
Myelin shealth
Cell body (selaput
mealin)
Part of Neurone and its function
3 type of neurones
Sensory neurone
Conduct impulses from the receptors in
the sensory organs to the central nervous
system
 Relay neurones (lari berganti
ganti?)

Conduct impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor

neurone
(menghubungkan sensory neuron dengan motor neurone)
Motor neurone

Carries impulses to muscles and effector in

the body
Neurone Structure
differences
Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neurone
(relay neuron)
Characteristic and functions
Type of neurone Characteristic

•The cell body lies in between the axon

and the dendron
(badan sel berada diantara axon dan
characteristic Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone

Where is it At receptors or sensory Found only in CNS Effectors

located organ (brain and spinal cord)
Location of Situated on one side At the centre Situated at one end
cell body
Axon Short Short long
Myelin sheath Present Absent Present
Pathway of From receptor to CNS From sensory neuron Out from CNS to
impulse to motor neuron effector
Functions Receives impulses from Receives impulses from Transmit impulses
sensory organ sensory neuron to from CNS to effector to
motor neuron bring about a response
The similarities

• They all have a cell body

•They all have dendrites and dendrones
•They all can receive and send impulses
Exercise..(body coordination)
1. What is body coordination ?
2. state 3 important of body coordination
3. Situation : a boy being chased by a dog
a)What is the stimulus in this situation?
b)What is the response?
c)Which part of the body cooordinates this reaction?