MENULIS KUTIPAN

A. KUTIPAN TIDAK LANGSUNG

• Yang dikutip adalah : isi, maksud, ide, jiwa, konsep
• Yang dikutip bukan kalimat demi kalimat
• Kalimat dibuat sendiri oleh pengutip

CONTOH :

Abad ke 19, yang diyakini sebagai abad pembangunan

modern, nampaknya tidak dapat mengingkari hutang budinya
terhadap filsafat positisme, sehingga abad ini sering disebut
sebagai “abad positisme” (Wibisono, 1982). Pembangunan
dan kemajuan pada abad ini ditandai oleh dominasi kerja ilmu
pengetahuan modern atau ilmu-ilmu positip. Secara sangat
singkat, dibawah ini akan disajikan perkembangan kredo-
kredo filsafat positivisme mulai dari August Comte, Karl,
R.Popper, sampai pada Rostow.
 B. KUTIPAN LANGSUNG
• Yang dikutip adalah keseluruhan pendapat ahli tanpa
perubahan sedikitpun
• Yang dikutip semua kalimat persis sama
CONTOH :

Through history, the nineteenth century was recognized

as the century of positivism. Developments and growth in this
century werw contributed by the works of positive science.
Auguste Comte (1798-1857), the one who known as the father
of positivism, defined the word positive as : real, clear, toward
the better, future, useful, and fixed. According to him, the
positive era are lead by industrialist and scientists. The basic
belief of positivism was rooted in Law of Three Stages of August
Comte, as what Popper (1982) observed as follows :

“The law stated that the human mind, booth as an

individual and as a totality, as well as a society,
developed through three stages : the theological ar fictive
stage, the metaphysical or abstract stage, and the
positive or real stage….. The positive stage, represents a
phase in which man has progressed even further. He is
capable of thinking positively or in a ‘real’ sense, based
on the knowledge he has garnered, which he has
developed in a positive manner through observations,
experiments and comparisons” (Popper, 1982:121)
The influence of positivism on planning thoughts could be
seen in the works of : (1) Patrick Geddes with his planning
doctrine; (2) Thomas adam with ‘The Regional Plan for New
York and Its Environs’; (3) Patrick Abercrombie with his ‘greater
London Plan’; and (4) British planning legislation of 1947.
 CONTOH PENULISAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. BUKU
Abrams, C (1964). Man’s Struggle for Shelter in Urbanizing
World, Cambridge, MIT press.
2. DISERTASI / THESIS
Amin, A.T.M.N. (1982). “An Analysis of labour Force and
Industrial Organization of the Informal Sector in Dacca”,
Unpublished Ph.D thesis submitted to the University of
Manitoba, Canada, 1982, pp.1-30, 346-372.
3. JURNAL ILMIAH
Amos, F.J.C. (1986). “Cost, Self-Help and Politics”, Habitat
Internasional, Vol.10, No.1, pp.181-186
4. DOKUMEN
Anonymous (1985a). “Rencana Induk Kota Jember” (Master
Plan of Jember City), Bappeda Kabupaten Jember.
Anonymous (1985b). “Rencana Induk Kota Yogyakarta” (Master
Plan of Yogyakarta City), Bappeda Kotamadya Yogyakarta.
Anonymous (1988). “RUTRK Jakarta” (Integrated Urban
Infrastructrure Development Programme), Bappeda DKI
Jakarta, March.
5. PAPER SEMINAR
Baros, P., and Nientied, P. (1987). “Future of Informal Housing”,
a seminar paper on Habitat day, Nagoya, Japan, December
12-16.
6. ACUAN / PUSTAKA DALAM TULISAN ORANG LAIN
Husserl, Edmund (1969). “Formal and Transcendental Logic”, in
Hindess, B. (1977)., Philosophy and Methodology in the
Social sciences, Sussex, The Harvester Press Ltd.
 BEBERAPA SINGKATAN YANG SERING
DIGUNAKAN DALAM PENULISAN ILMIAH

• anon : anonymous, tak dikenal

• c : copyright, apabila tahun penerbitan tidak

dicantumkan/tidak ada

• ca : circa, kira-kira, sekitar, menunjukkan waktu

• cf : confer, bandingkan

• eg : exempli gratia, misalnya

• ed.(eds) : editor, penyunting

• et.al : et alii, dan kawan-kawan, dan orang lain

• et.seq.seqq : et sequens atau sequentes, dan hal-hal

berikutnya

• f.ff : and the following pages, halaman-

halaman berikutnya

• i.e : id est, yaitu, yakni, ialah

• vol : volume, jilid, volume 3 : jilid 3