ACTION

RESEARCH
EN. ISMAIL BIN HJ. ABDULLAH
KETUA JABATAN R & D
MPTB
ENGLISH OR BAHASA MELAYU?
 AR /PT
 PENYELIDIKAN  PROSES – PERINGK
 DEFINISI AT AR
 KONSEP
 PEMIKIRAN REFLEK
TIF DLM PT
 CIRI-CIRI  CONTOH
 TUJUAN PELAKSANAAN
 PRINSIP
 PERANAN
 PROFESION PERGURUAN
1. Kajian / penyelidikan – keberkesanan P &
P dlm BD
2. Refleksi
3. Penilaian Kendiri
PROSES KAJIAN/ PT
1. Mengenalpasti masalah

2. Merancang dan menentukan strategi penyelidikan

3. Melaksanakan rancangan penyelidikan

4. Menganalisis, mentafsir, dan membuat kesimpulan/ keputusan

5. Menyediakan laporan dan membuat tindakan susulan

 SEJARAH
 Kurt Lewin (1952) di USA
 John Elliot & Clem Adelman (1973) “Ford
Teaching Project” – kaji kaedah P & P dlm
BD
 Kolb (1984)
 Carr & Kemmis (1986)
 Di Malaysia - 1988
KONSEP PT
DEFINISI PT
1. Action Research is the process by which
practitioners attempt to study their own
problems scientifically in order to guide,
correct, and evaluate their decisions and
actions. [Stephen Corey (1953)]

2. Action Research is a form of self-reflective

inquiry (Kemmis, 1983)
DEFINISI PT
3. Action Research is the systematic study
of attempts to improve educational practice
by groups of participants by means of their
own practical actions and by means of their
own reflection upon the effects of those
actions. (Ebbutt, 1985)
DEFINISI PT
4. Action research is deliberate, solution-oriented
investigation that is group or personally owned
and conducted. It is characterized by spiraling
cycles of problem identification, systematic data
collection, reflection, analysis, data-driven action
taken, and, finally, problem redefinition. The
linking of the terms "action" and "research"
highlights the essential features of this method:
trying out ideas in practice as a means of
increasing knowledge about and/or improving
curriculum, teaching, and learning (Kemmis &
McTaggart, 1982).
DEFINISI PT
5. Action Research is a form of disciplined
inquiry that impacts directly on a teacher's
practice and empowers them to renew their
classrooms and promote instructional
improvement. (Glanz, 1991)
6. Action Research in education is study
conducted by colleagues in a school setting
of the results of their activities to improve
instruction. [Carl Glickman (1992)]
DEFINISI PT
7. Action Research is a fancy way of saying let’s
study what’s happening at our school and decide
how to make it a better place. [Emily Calhoun
(1994)]
8. Action Research is a disciplined process of
inquiry conducted by and for those taking the
action. The primary reason for Action Research is
to assist the "actor" in improving and/or refining
his or her actions. (Sagor, 2000).
 Activity 1:
 Study the eight definitions of action
research given on the above. Using a mind
map, characterize action research.
ACTION RESEARCH TENDS TO BE...

 cyclic -- similar steps tend to recur, in a similar

sequence;
 participative -- the clients and informants are
involved as partners, or at least active participants, in
the research process;
 qualitative -- it deals more often with language than
with numbers; and
 reflective -- critical reflection upon the process and
outcomes are important parts of each cycle.
What is Not Action Research?
 Action research is not what usually comes to mind when we
hear the word “research.” Action research is not a library
project where we learn more about a topic that interests us. It
is not problem-solving in the sense of trying to find out what
is wrong, but rather a quest for knowledge about how to
improve. Action research is not about doing research on or
about people, or finding all available information on a topic
looking for the correct answers. It involves people working to
improve their skills, techniques, and strategies. Action
research is not about learning why we do certain things, but
rather how we can do things better. It is about how we can
change our instruction to impact students.
 Table 1 : Comparing Formal Research and
Action Research
TOPIC FORMAL RESEARCH ACTION RESEARCH

Training needed by researcher Extensive training On own or with consultation

Goals of research Knowledge that is generalizable Knowledge to apply to the local situation

Method of identifying the problem to be

Review of previous research Problems or goals currently faced
studied

Procedure for literature review Extensive, using primary sources More cursory, using secondary sources

Sampling approach Random or representative sampling Students or clients with whom they work

Looser procedures, change during study; quick time frame;

Research design Rigorous control, long time frame
control through triangulation

Measurement procedures Evaluate and pretest measures Convenient measures or standardized tests

Focus on practical, not statistical significance; present raw

Data analysis Statistical tests; qualitative techniques
data, graphs

Emphasis on theoretical significance; increased

Emphasis on practical significance; improved teaching and
Application of results knowledge about teaching and learning in
learning in a particular classroom
general

Published report; journal article; professional Informal sharing with colleagues; brief report; ERIC
Reporting outcome
conference document; conferences
AR
 PROSES – PERINGKAT AR
 PEMIKIRAN REFLEKTIF DLM PT
 CONTOH PELAKSANAAN
Sekian..jumpa lagi
 ULAM PETAI, SAYUR KELADI,
 SELAMAT JALANKAN R & D.

 HANG TUAH HANG LEKIU,

 TERIMA KASIH, THANK YOU.
 MAKAN PULUT DGN INTI,
 NANRE, XIE-XIE.