Stomach

Acid

Acid
Attack
Types of Acids Found in Chemistry Lab

1. Hydrochloric Acid, HCl

2. Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4

3. Nitric Acid, HNO3

What is an acid?
An acid is a substance which
produces hydrogen ions, H+,
when it is dissolved in water.
Examples of Acids

Some acids are natural while some are man-made.

Citric acid, found in oranges, occurs naturally.

Mineral acids, e.g. nitric acid and sulphuric acid,

are man-made.
The ions acids produce in aqueous solution

Name of acid Formula Ions produced in solution

Ethanoic acid CH3COOH H+ CH3COO-

Hydrochloric
acid
HCl H+ Cl-

Nitric acid HNO3 H+ NO3-

Sulphuric acid H2SO4 H+ SO42-

What ion do all acids produce?

All acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds
that contain hydrogen are acids.

For example, both ammonia, NH3, and methane,

CH4, contain hydrogen, but they are not acids.
because they do not produce hydrogen ions in water.
 What is water important?
Both contains magnesium ribbon in hydrochloric acid.
Why does only the right one produce effervescence?

The other piece of

This piece of magnesium ribbon is
magnesium ribbon is in a solution of
in a solution of hydrogen chloride in
hydrogen chloride in water (i.e. aqueous
an organic solvent. hydrochloric acid).
 water

organic
solvent

Acids only produce hydrogen ions in water

(not organic solvents).
 Acids only show the properties
+ H2O of acids when they are dissolved
in water.

This is because acids dissociate

in water. It is the hydrogen ions
which are responsible for acidic
properties.
What are the physical properties of acids?

1. Acids have a sour taste.

2. Acids dissolve in water to form solutions

which conduct electricity.

3. Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

What are the chemical properties of acids?

1. Acids react with reactive metals to form

hydrogen gas and a salt.

metal + acid  salt + hydrogen gas

Property 1: Acids react with reactive metals to
form hydrogen and a salt

Example: When magnesium ribbon is added to

dilute sulphuric acid, bubbles of hydrogen gas can
be seen.
magnesium + dilute sulphuric acid
 magnesium sulphate + hydrogen

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq)  MgSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Magnesium sulphate is the salt produced.

A sulphate is a salt formed from sulphuric acid.

Nitrates are formed from nitric acid;

chlorides are formed from hydrochloric acid.
What are the chemical properties of acids?

2. Acids react with carbonates to form a salt,

carbon dioxide and water.

carbonate + acid  salt + water + carbon dioxide

Property 2: Acids react with carbonates to
form a salt, carbon dioxide and water.

Example:
Sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid produces
sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide.

sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid

 sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)
 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
What are the chemical properties of acids?

3. Acids react with metal oxides and hydroxides

to form a salt and water only.

metal oxide/ hydroxides + acid  salt + water

Property 3: Acids react with metal oxides
and hydroxides to form a salt and water
only.

Example: Zinc oxide reacts with dilute sulphuric

acid to form zinc sulphate and water.

zinc oxide + dilute sulphuric acid

 zinc sulphate + water

ZnO(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

 What is a salt?
A salt is formed when one or
more hydrogen ions of an acid
are replaced by a
metallic/ammonium ion.

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(l)