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Type V: Stimulatory
Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity (Type II)
Characteristics of Cytotoxic
Hypersensitivity
Directed against cell surface or tissue antigen
Characterized by complement cascade
activation and various effector cells
Complement
Formation of membrane attack complex (lytic enzymes)
Activated C3 forms opsonin recognized by phagocytes
Formation of chemotactic factors
Effector cells possess Fc and complement receptors
macrophages/monocytes
neutrophils
NK cells
Examples of Type II Hypersensitivity
H Fuc
Fuc B antigen
Precursor
oligosaccharide H antigen
NAG Gal Gal
NAcGA (N-acetylgalactoseamine)
Gal (galactose) B Fuc
ABO Blood Group Reactivity
blood group genotypes antigens antibodies to
(phenotype) ABO in
serum
A AA, AO A anti-B
B BB, BO B anti-A
AB AB A and B none
O OO H anti-A/B
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
first birth post partum subsequent
RhD
negative
mother
complement
lysis
Toxic Complex Hypersensitivity
(Type III)
Diseases associated with immune complexes
Persistent infection
microbial antigens
deposition of immune complexes in kidneys
Autoimmunity
self antigens
deposition of immune complexes in kidneys, joints,
arteries and skin
Extrinsic factors
environmental antigens
deposition of immune complexes in lungs
Inflammatory Mechanisms in Type III
Complement activation
anaphylatoxins
Chemotactic factors
Neutrophils attracted
difficult to phagocytize tissue-trapped complexes
frustrated phagocytosis leads to tissue damage
Disease Models
Serum sickness
Arthus reaction
Serum Sickness
Arthus Reaction
T-Cell Mediated Hypersensitivity
(Type IV / Delayed-Type)
Manifestations of T-Cell Mediated
Hypersensitivity