FUNCTIONS AS MODELS

JUNE 6, 2018
Objectives
• Represent real life situations using
functions, including piecewise functions,
and solve problems involving functions
Relations and Functions
Relation Function
A rule that relates A relation where
values from a set of each element in the
values (domain) to a domain is related to
second set of values only one value in the
(range) range by some rule.
Relations and Functions
Relation Function
The elements on the The elements of the
domain can be imagined domain can be imagined
as input to a machine as input to a machine so
which generates one or that each input
more outputs corresponds to only one
output.
Relations and Functions
Relation Function
A relation is also a A set of ordered
set of ordered pairs pairs (x, y) such that no
(x, y) two ordered pairs have
the same x – value but
with different y –
values
The Functions as a Machine
• Relations can be likened to a machine
with an input and an output, and that the
output is related to the input by some rule.
Functions as Machines
Functions as Machines
Functions as Machines
Functions & Relations as Ordered
Pairs
• 
Which of the following relations are
functions?
Functions as Tables of Values
•  x y
1 2
2 2
3 5
4 5
Functions and Relations as Maps
X Y X Y
1 3 1 3
2 5 2 5
3 11 3 11
4 9 4 9
5 33 5 33
Functions and Relations as Maps
X Y
3
1 5
3 11
5 9
33
Functions as a Graph
Vertical Line Test
A graph represents a function if and only
if each vertical line intersects the graph at
most once.
Functions as a Graph
Functions as a Graph
Functions as a Graph
Remember…
By convention, the x – variable is the input
variable and that the value of the y – variable is
computed based on the value of the x –
variable. A relation is a function if for each x –
value there corresponds only one y – value.
Example
• 
Which of the ff. represents a function?
Domain
The domain of a relation is the set of all
possible values that the variable x can take.
Example
Identify the domain for each of the ff.
relations
Function Notation
•  If a relation is a function, the y can be
replaced with to denote that the value of y
depends on the value of x.
Functions as Representations of Real –
Life Situations
• 
Recall that
Linear function – a function of the form
where
Ex.
Functions as Representations of Real –
Life Situations
• 
Quadratic Function – a function of the form
, where
Ex.
Functions as Representations of Real –
Life Situations
• 
Polynomial Function of degree n – a function of
the form

where
Ex.
Example
• 
Give a function C that can represent the
cost of buying x meals if one meal costs
Php40.00.

Ans:
Example
A hundred meter of fencing is available to
enclose a rectangular area next to a river.
Give a function A that can represent the
area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.
Example

R I V E R

X
Solution
•   area of a rectangular enclosure is
The

Since there are 100 m of fencing available,

then
Solution
• 
From which we can have

Substituting it to A=xy then

Piecewise Function
Some situations can only be described by
more than one formula, depending on the
value of the independent variable.
Example
A user is charged P599.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan which includes 1000 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 1000 are
charged P1.50 each. Represent the amount a
consumer pays each month as a function of the
number of messages m sent in month.
Solution
•   – amount paid by consumer/month
Let
It can be expressed by the piecewise
function
Example
A trike ride in Cauayan City costs P12.00
for the first 4 km and each additional
integer kilometre adds P2.00 to the fare.
Use a piecewise function to represent the
trike fare in terms of the distance d in
kilometres.
Solution
•   F – amount of trike fare
Let
Thus
Example
Water can exist in three states: solid ice, liquid
water, and gaseous water vapour. It takes a certain
amount of heat before water can change state. Use
the ff. information to sketch the graph of the
function representing the temperature as a function
of the amount of total head added in Joules(J).
Example
•  A solid block of ice is at and heat is
added until it completely turns into water
vapor.
• The temp of the ice increases steadily and
reaches after 940 J of heat is applied
Example
• The
  temperature stays constant at until all
ice melts, which happens once a total of
6,950 J of heat is applied.
• The temperature increases steadily and
reaches after a total of 14,470 J is applied.
Example
•  The temperature stays constant at until all
the water evaporates, which happens after
a total of 55,260 J of heat is applied.
• When all the water is in a gaseous state,
its temperature can rise above .
Solution
•   represent the temperature of the water
Let
in degree Celsius and is a function of
cumulative or total heat added in Joules
Solution
Exercise
• Provide a real – world scenario that can be
expressed as a relation but is not a
function.
• Provide a real – world scenario that can be
modelled by a linear function.
Supplementary Problems
2. A karaoke machine can be rented for P1000
for three days but for the fourth day onwards,
an additional cost of P200/day is added.
Represent the cost of renting a karaoke
machine using a piecewise function.
Supplementary Problems
3. The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is
P700. A guide can only take care of maximum of 4
persons, and additional guides can be hired as
needed. Represent the cost of hiring guides as a
function of the number of tourists who wish to
explore the cave.
Supplementary Problems
4. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve
food for a party is P150/pax for 20 pax or less;
P130/pax for 21 to 50 pax, P110/pax for 51 to 100
pax. For 101 or more pax, the cost is at P100/pax.
Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of
the number of attendees of the party.
Performance Task
Research on the New Tax Reform enacted
by the government. Illustrate the new tax
scheme using a piecewise function.
Determine the amount of monthly income
tax for each of the following annual
income.
Performance Task
A. P150,000
B. P250,000
C. P300,000
D. P750,000