TOPIC: DENSITY TESTING AND

IMPORTANCE OF TESTING
SPECIFICATION
FOR FUEL AND LUBRICANTS
GROUP 4
ELLA, RAMONCHITO JR.
FERNANDEZ, AMIEL PHILIP
DENSITY
A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. It is, essentially, a
measurement of how tightly matter is crammed together. The principle of
density was discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes. To calculate the
density of an object, take the mass (m) and divide by the volume (v). This will
give you the density in g/cm3.
A ship floating on water is a great illustration of the difference between
mass and density. A ship must have a density of less than 1.0 g/cm3 (the
density of water), or it will sink. Ships have a large mass, because they
are made of steel, but because they have a large volume, their density is
less than 1.0 g/cm3 . If enough mass is added to them such that their
density goes above 1.0 g/cm3 , they will sink.
TESTING AND ITS IMPORTANCE

It is essential to measure density due to the way fuel is supplied. The fuel is
delivered from a bunker barge and the volume of the transfer is measured,
often by a meter. But the mass is directly proportional to the power that can be
gained from using the fuel, so an accurate density calculation has a direct
financial value. An on-site  marine fuel density meter.
Such as the one from Parker Kittiwake, will accurately convert fuel volume to
density verifying that the correct grade of fuel has been delivered under ISO
8217.
SPECIFICATION FOR FUEL AND
LUBRICANTS
Oil is the life blood of an engine and just like the blood in our
bodies, it is required to fulfill different types of functions of
engine or machinery.
Lubricants is a substance introduced to reduce friction between
surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat
generated when the surfaces move.
It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting
foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property
of reducing friction is known as lubricity.
WORK OF LUBRICANTS
• 1. lubricate engine or machinery’s parts
• 2. Reduce friction
• 3. Reduce corrosion
• 4. Reduce noise
• 5. prevent rust
• 6. increase engine machinery’s efficiency
• 7. crease engine or machinery ‘s life
• 8. cooling the engine
• 9. Keep moving parts apart
• 10. Seal for gases leakage
• 11. Cleaning
 FUEL MANAGEMENT ASPECTS
 Fuel quality has significant impact on engines’ and boilers reliability and performance.

 The limits for fuel quality parameter as set out in International marine fuel standard, ISO 8217.

 The standard specifications are based on the understanding that the fuel will be treated on-board.

 Fuel management relates to:

• Bunkering

• Storage

• Transfer and treatment

• Combustion

• Etc.
FUEL MANAGEMENT ENERGY
EFFICIENCY MEASURES
• Economical amount of bunker to be carried around.
• Proper temperature control of fuel at various stages of treatment.
• Ensure tank fittings (manhole covers, vent pipes, etc.) do not allow water, cargo or other material to get into
the fuel.
• Ensure heating coils are tight.
• Ensure that tank wall condition is in good order
• Maintain settling tanks at a correct temperature
• Periodically verify that the viscosity controller is working correctly.
• Monitor fuel oil sludge levels and ensure that sludge levels are not high due to poor maintenance of the
purifiers.
• Fuel measurement and metering is the first step for subsequent performance analysis of various engines and
boilers.
END….