m
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u Image formed by a plane mirror are caused by
reflection of light from the mirror surface.
u The characteristics of an image formed by a plane
mirror are:
1. Virtual : Images that cannot be displayed on a
screen.
2. Laterally inverted : The right side and the left
side interchanged.
. Upright
4. Same size as the object
5. Image distance and object
distance from the plane mirror
are the same


   


^ The characteristics of images formed by a
convex lens depend on the distance between
the lens and the object :
^ (a) For a distant object, the image formed is :
^ (i) real
^ (ii) inverted
^ (iii) diminished



^ For a near object, the image
(b)
formed is :
^(i) virtual
^(ii) erect
^(iii) magnified
^(iv) on the same side of the object
  



 ^ The image formed by concave lens
is always :
^(i) Virtual
^(ii) erect/ Upright
^(iii) diminished
^(iv) on the same side as the object
 


^ uhen a parallel rays pass through a convex lens, they
converge and meet at a point called THE FOCAL
POINT (F)
^ The centre of the lens is called the OPTICAL CENTRE
(O).
^ The distance between the focal point and the optical
centre is called the FOCAL LENGTH (f)
^ A convex lens has two focal points, one on each side of
the lens
^ The line passing through the 2 focal points and the
optical centre is called the PRINCIPLE AXIS
 Optical Centre (O)

Principal axis
 



^ uhen parallel rays pass through the concave lens , they
appear to DIVERGE from a point on the PRINCIPLE
AXIS.
^ This is the FOCAL POINT (F) of the concave lens.
Õ
Õ

 „  

  

   
 

1) A ray parallel to the principle axis is converged to focal

point, F after passing through the lens.

2) A ray passing through the optical centre

) A ray passing through the Focal Point, F becomes parallel

after passing through the lens
 „

  

  
 

1) A ray parallel to the principle axis is DIVERGED in such a

way that it appears to come from focal point, F

2) A ray directed towards the optical centre,O travels straight

on.
) A ray directed towards the Focal Point, F becomes parallel
after passing through the lens