Wireless Evolution in Core &

Radio
Mika Ahlholm, Hanoi, December 2005
Outline

 Major Trends in Voice Evolution

 Evolution Towards VoIP
 What Is NGN in Mobile Networks?
 IMS and Fixed-Mobile Convergence
 Targeting the All-IP Network

 Radio Access Technology Evolution

 HSDPA, WLAN, WiMAX
 Beyond 3G: 3Gplus, OFDM

Presented by Mika Ahlholm

Manager, Technical Sales
Mobile Networks Center of Competence, Bangkok

Wireless Evolution December 2005 2

Major Trends – Shift of Voice Traffic (Minutes
of Use)

Mobile Voice
(CS)
Cellula PSTN
Mobile Data
r WLAN/
(PS)
Radio WIMA Fixed DSL
X

Wireless Evolution December 2005 3

Outlook of Mobile Network Architecture Today

Applications
Charging
SIP
Services

Common
HLR Database IMS
MGCF CSCFPDF/CRF
HSS
Interne
Mobile t
Voice IP backbone
(CS) MGW
MSC-S
MGW PSTN
Mobile Data
GGSN
RAN (PS) Fixed
SGSN WLAN/
WIMAX DSL

Wireless Evolution December 2005 4

Major Trends – Voice Evolution

 CS domain remains predominant for mobile voice well

into the next decade
 Operator’s key differentiators are cost position and voice
quality
 IMS becomes uniform service control for all types of
traffic in long-term
 Introduction is driven by new multimedia services
 IMS is multimedia soft switch
 IMS will be used for voice applications (e.g. PoC or rich
voice)
 Migration to SIP controlled voice via IMS will start with wire
line and alternate accesses (e.g. WLAN)
 In the long run SIP controlled voice via IMS will replace the
CS voice

Wireless Evolution December 2005 5

What Is NGN in Mobile Networks?

 NGN blends the public switched telephone network

(PSTN) and the public switched data network (PSDN)
 Creates a single multi-service network
 Not based on large, centralized, proprietary switch
infrastructures
 Results in a distributed network infrastructure
 Leverages new, open technologies to reduce the cost of
market entry
 Increase flexibility
 Accommodate both circuit-switched voice and packet-
switched data
 Soft-switching technology

Wireless Evolution December 2005 6

Softswitch – Network Architecture

Services Services Services

SIP, XML, Parlay

Softswitch SIP, ISUP, H.323

MGCP, SIP

RAS Remote
MGW RAS IAD Access Server
IAD
Integrated
Access Device
Wireless Evolution December 2005 7
Advantages of Softswitching –
www.softswitch.org

Circuit-Switched Soft-Switched
Services, Applications & Features
P Services & (Management, Provisioning and
R Applications
O
Back Office)
P
R Call Control & Open Protocols APIs
I
E Switching
Softswitch Call Control
T
A
R Transport Open Protocols APIs
Y Hardware
Transport Hardware
• Solutions can come from
• Solutions come from a
multiple vendors, at all
single vendor that supplied
levels who supply open
everything in one
standards-based products
proprietary box: software,
• Customers are free to
hardware and applications
choose best-in-class
• Customers were locked-in to
products to build their
their vendor – no room for
network. Open standards
innovation, expensive to
enable innovation and
implement and maintain
reduce costs
Wireless Evolution December 2005 8
NGN in Mobile Networks

 For CS domain NGN = R4

 R4 specifies the separated architecture (MSC-S and MGW)
 For CS domain FMC = R5/R6
 Introduction of MGCF in the MSC/MSC-S
 IMS is NGN
 IMS is the control layer (CSCF, HSS)
 Open interfaces (e.g. SIP)
 3GPP R5
 Various access methods
 GERAN, UTRAN, WLAN, DSL

Wireless Evolution December 2005 9

Fixed-Mobile Convergence – Standardization
TISPAN:
Telecommunicatio
Mobile Fixed ns and Internet
converged
Services and
3GP ETSI Protocols for
Advanced
P IETF Networking

SIP SIP
IMS
Rel 5. 2003

SIP May 2005

IMS

Wireless Evolution December 2005 10

The Position and Role of IMS

Operator services 3rd party applications

and applications and content

 Movies
 Push and talk  Music
 Location based  Information
services IP-based  Infotainment
 Converged Centrex Multimedia Subsystem
 Presence services

2.5G Control DSL

3G Fixed line
Broadband Wireless
Access

Wireless Evolution December 2005 11

 New Technologies & Innovation in Core
Network
Policy Based Common Network
Multi-Service Networking Technology Database
 Central policy  Distributed Architecture
directories  Cross-application
 E2E policy subscriber data
enforcement consolidation
 Policy brokerage  Network-wide database
 Flexible service  Cost efficient subscriber
definition management
Network consolidation on IP and standard components.
New technologies enable service centric operation.

Self Organizing Networks Access Awareness

 Unified multi-service
 Universal plug & play of
core network in
network elements
heterogeneous
 Autonomous address access landscape
assignment  Policy-compliant
 Autonomous network best access selection
element configuration  Cost efficient service
 Service-centric operation delivery

Wireless Evolution December 2005 12

Radio Access Technology
Evolution
Mika Ahlholm, Hanoi, December 2005
 RAN Evolution – Speeds Beyond Current Limits

“Performance”

Limit 5 4G Broadband
> 20 MHz (OFDM)
WiMAX,3Gplus
Limit 4
20 MHz WiMAX
Multi Carrier- OFDM
Limit 3 Wideband
5 MHz HSDPA (W-CDMA)

Limit 2 Flash-OFDM
1,25 MHz 1xEV-DV (CDMA)
Rel. 99 Flash-OFDM
Limit 1 1xEV-DO Narrowband
200 kHz (TDMA)
GPRS EDGE
1xRTT

IS-95
GSM
(first release)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Wireless Evolution December 2005 14

 Performance of Fixed-line vs. Mobile
Technologies
Bandwidth (bit/s)
[peak user data rates]
10G
Fixed Access FTTH
1G 155 Mbit/s
4G 1 Gbit/s

Cable
100M
40-50 Mbit/s
3Gplus 100 Mbit/s
VDSL
50 Mbit/s
10M

HSDPA 10 Mbit/s
ADSL
ISDN-BRI
1M 2X64+16 kbit/s
3-8 Mbit/s WCDMA 2 Mbit/s Mobile Access
EDGE 220-384 kbit/s

GSM 9,6 kbit/s GPRS 40-75 kbit/s

100k
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Wireless Evolution December 2005 15
 Complementary Radio Access Technologies – Capacity,
Coverage and Cost
80% of
deployment traffic in
20% of area
degree
of WLAN /
WiMAX/
mobility 3Gplus
portable/ walking driving, …

UMTS/ F-OFDM
mobile

HSxPA / 450 MHz

3Gplus
W-CDMA
EDGE / EDGE /
CDMA GSM GSM
GSM
mobile

GPRS Rural Suburban Metro Suburban Rural

3Gplus
HSDPA Coverage driven Capacity driven Coverage driven
EV-DO
EDGE MNO
EV-DV IEEE
FlashOFDM 802.16e
(802.20) WiMAX 4G
stationary

DECT
nomadic

WLAN
(IEEE 802.11x)IEEE
BlueTooth 802.16a,d
Ethernet (Twisted Pair)
FNO Ethernet (Fiber)
Mb/s
0.1 1 10 100 103 104

Wireless Evolution December 2005 16

 3G plus: Key Enhancements & Performance
Aspects
High Maximum  High data rates in difficult radio environments (e.g. severe time
Data Rate dispersion)
 High data rates at high terminal speed
 High data rates with wide-area coverage (with reasonable
output power)
 High peak downlink air interface rate (100 Mbps with 20 MHz
spectrum)

Low Round Trip  RAN latency: 10 ms

Delay  PS core latency: < 10 ms

High System  Improved spectral efficiency [Mbps per MHz per cell]
Capacity  Advanced antenna solutions
 Efficient operation with small cells
Flexible  Very large maximum transmission bandwidth
Spectrum  Multiple frequency bands
Management
Designed for IP  Efficient support of the various types of services, especially
traffic from the PS domain (e.g. Voice over IP, Presence)

Wireless Evolution December 2005 17

 Key Technologies for Systems Beyond 3G

OFDM MIMO
Orthogonal Multiple Input,
Frequency Division Multiple Output
Multiplexing
 Multiple antennas to transmit and
 Increased spectrum capacity receive radio signals
through scalable data rates  Boosts data transmission speed by
 Low complexity number of transmitting antennas
 Efficient broadband data  Robustness of range (allows non line-
transmission of-sight connectivity, e.g. indoor)

Data Rates of 1 Gbps are achieved – Existing commercial HW can cope with the
technical complexity – Air interface will cease to be the performance bottleneck
GG
SS
Multi-Hop SDR UMTS/H
UMTS/H
SDPA
SDPA
M/
M/
E
D
G
E
E
D
G
Access
Access Point
Point E
Server Multi-hop
Multi-hop
Node
Software Defined Wi
Wi
Node

Internet AP
Radio MA
MA
X
X W
W
3G
3G LA
LA
MHN
 Increase coverage by multi- plu
plu
ss
4G
4G
NN

hop nodes and intelligent  Reconfiguration/multi-standard

Terminal
Terminal
routing  Flexible spectrum management
 Fast deployment  Device and base station negotiate
 Reduced infrastructure appropriate access
costs
Wireless Evolution December 2005 18
Conclusion – Network Architecture in 2012

Legacy CS Service Delivery Framework

domain

User Profiles
GERAN Common Data
UTRAN
Common Repository Policy
Session Control Directory

IMS
CPS
eNode
eNode
B
UTRAN-Evolution eGSN
(3GPlus) PSTN
PLMN
MGW

Broadband
Unified IP Multimedia other
4G / WiMAX
WiMAX Wireless
WLAN BS
WLAN Network PLMN
Multi-Hop AP
Access
AP

xDSL Internet
Intranet

AP – Access Point CS – Circuit Switched eGSN – enhanced GPRS Support Node

BS – Base Station PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network
IMS – IP based Multimedia Subsystem
CPS – Control Plane Server
MGW – Media Gateway PSTN - Public Switched Telephony Networ

Wireless Evolution December 2005 19

 Thank You for Your Attention!

Mika Ahlholm
mika.ahlholm@siemens.com
+66 2 715 4207
Wireless Evolution December 2005 20