What Is Organizational

Behavior?

1
 Learning Objectives
Define organizational behavior (OB)
Describe what managers do
Explain the value of studying OB
List the challenges and opportunities of using
OB concepts

2
 Learning Objectives

Discover how behavioral science has

contributed to the study of OB
Understand why managers must know about OB
Examine the contingency approach to studying
OB
Identify the three levels of analysis in this book’s
OB model

3
Controlling Planning

The Functions
of Management

Leading Organizing

4
The Roles of Management

Decisional

Interpersonal Informational

5
Managers perform three types of
interpersonal roles

Figureheads perform ceremonial or

symbolic roles.
Leaders train, motivate, and
discipline employees.
Liaisons contact external information
sources.

6
 Managers perform three types of
informational roles:

Monitors collect information from

outside sources.
Disseminators transmit information to
organizational members.
Spokespersons represent their
organizations to outsiders

7
 Managers perform four types of
decisional roles:
Entrepreneurs initiate and oversee new
projects to improve organizational
performance.
Disturbance handlers take action to respond
to unforeseen problems.
Resource allocators control human,
mechanical, and monetary resources.
Negotiators bargain with others to gain
advantage for their own units.
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 The Skills That
Managers Need

Technical Conceptual Human

9
Effective versus Successful
Managerial Activities

Traditional
Communication
Management

Managing
Networking
Human Resources

10
 Definition

A field of study that investigates the

impact that individuals, groups and
structure have on behaviour within
organisations, for the purpose of applying
such knowledge toward improving an
organisation’s effectiveness.

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Levels of OB Analysis

Individuals Groups

Structures

12
 Understanding
Organizational
Behavior
Individual Fundamental
Differences Consistencies

Systematic
Intuition
Study

13
 The Study of Organizational Behavior

Psychology
Individual

Sociology

Study of
Social Psychology Group Organizational
Behavior

Anthropology

Organization

Political Science

14
There are few absolutes in OB
Human beings are complex. Because they
are not alike, our ability to make simple,
accurate and sweeping generalisations
are limited.
That does not mean that we can’t offer
reasonably accurate explanations of
human behaviour or make valid
predictions.

15
Challenges and
opportunities
for OB
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 Responding to
Globalization
Increased foreign assignments
Working with people from different cultures
Coping with anticapitalism backlash
Overseeing movement of jobs to countries
with low-cost labour
Managing people during the war on terror
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 Managing Workforce
Diversity

Workforce diversity

Embracing diversity

Changing demographics
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Improving Quality
and Productivity

Total Quality Corporate

Management Reengineering

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 Improving Customer Service

 Instill in your employees the meaning and

importance of customer service as

outlined in the retail philosophy.

 Empower staff to ‘use their best

judgement’ in all customer service matter.

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Improving People Skills

Concepts
and Theories

Workplace Personal
Skills Insight

21
 Empowering
the Workforce

Managers Workers Are

Are Giving Accepting
Up Controls Responsibility

22
 Coping with
“Temporariness”

The Nature Organizations

of Work Is Are Also
Changing Changing

23
Stimulating Innovation
and Change

 Maintaining flexibility

 Improving quality

 Introducing new

products and services

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Working in networked organisations

 Telecommuting

 Virtual offices

 Nonoffice locations

 Managing people – different techniques

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 Work Life Balance

 Global organisations

 Communication technology

 Longer hours required

 Dual career couples

 Generation X – work hard play hard

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 Improving
Ethical Behavior
✔ Provide in-house advisers

✔ Create protection mechanisms

✔ Write and distribute codes of ethics

✔ Give seminars, workshops, & training

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 Overview of the OB Model

Level III
Organization Systems Level

Level II
Group Level

Level I
Individual Level

Time

28
 Productivity

Absenteeism

Turnover The
Dependent
Organizational
Citizenship
Variables

Job Satisfaction

Deviant workplace behaviour

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 Independent Variables
Individual Group Organization
•Biographical Traits •Communication •Culture

•Personality •Other Groups •Structure

•Values & Attitudes •Conflict •Design

•Ability •Power & Politics •Technology

•Perception •Group Structure •Work Processes

•Motivation •Work Teams •Selection Processes

•Individual Learning •Leadership •Training Programs

•Decision Making •Decision Making •Appraisal Practices

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 Psychology
Learning, Job satisfaction
Motivation, Individual decision
Personality making
Emotions Performance
appraisal
Perception
Training Attitude measurement
Leadership Employee satisfaction
effectiveness Work design
Work stress
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 Social Psychology
Behavioural change
Attitude change
Communication
Group Processes
Group Decision making.

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 Sociology
Group Organisation system
– Communication – Formal organisation
– Power theory
– Conflict – Organisational
– Intergroup behaviour technology
– Organisational change
– Organisational culture

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 Anthropology
Group
– Comparative values
– Comparative attitudes
– Cross-cultural analysis
Organisation system
– Organisational culture
– Organisational
environment
– Power

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