INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF

SKIN
Prepared by:

Gheelyn Encina
Daisyree Piad
 BACTERIAL INFECTION
Bacterial skin infections are commonly classified as primary or secondary
infections. Primary infections are superficial skin infections such as impetigo or
ecthyma. Secondary infections consist of deeper cutaneous infections, such as
infected ulcers.
 IMPETIGO
• Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes)
• Impetigo is a common, superficial bacterial
infection caused by staphylococci or group A RISK FACTORS
beta-hemolytic streptococci, or both
• Age
• Common among infants and young children.
Impetigo is a contagious skin infection that is • Crowded conditions
most common in children. • Warm, humid weather
TYPES • Certain sports
• Non-bullous impetigo, or impetigo contagiosa. • Broken skin
• Bullous impetigo

CAUSE
• Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
SYMPTOMS
• appearance of red sores
• fluid-filled blisters
• fever and swollen glands
TREATMENT
DIAGNOSIS  
• antibiotic ointment or cream
• Physical Examination • antibiotic drugs that can be taken by mouth
• Lab tests are not necessary  
 CELLULITIS
• A deeper infection affecting the dermis and RISK FACTORS
subcutaneous tissues. • Leg swelling (edema)
• It is usually caused by group A beta- • Weakened immune system
hemolytic streptococci or S. aureus
• Diabetes
• Cellulitis occurs when bacteria enter the
deep layers of skin through a wound or sore. • Blood circulation problems
• The legs are most commonly affected. • Other skin infections
If it spreads deeper into the body, it can be SYMPTOMS
life-threatening. • The affected area will become warm, tender,
CAUSE inflamed, swollen, red and painful
• Bacteria from the Streptococci and
 staphylococci groups . 
• A break in the skin
• Burns, bites, grazes, cuts
• Lymph glands may swell and become tender
DIAGNOSIS
• Physical Exam
• Doctor will examine and assess the
symptoms
• A blood test if the infection is suspected to
have spread to your blood
• An X-ray if there’s a foreign object in the
skin or the bone underneath is possibly
infected
• A culture. Your doctor will use a needle to
draw fluid from the affected area and send it
to the lab.
• Elevate the area to help reduce swelling and
relieve discomfort.
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers
PREVENTION
• Treat cuts and grazes
• Reduce the likelihood of scratching and
infecting the skin:
• Take good care of the skin
• Protect the skin
• Lose weight if you are obese
 FUNGAL INFECTION
Fungal infections are varied and ranged from
superficial infections with Tinea or Candida spp to life
threatening infections of immunosuppressed persons
with Aspergillus spp.
 TINEA CORPORIS
• Ringworm of the body is a fungal infection RISK FACTORS
that develops on the top layer of your skin. You're at higher risk of ringworm of the body
It's characterized by a red circular rash with if you:
clearer skin in the middle.
• Live in a warm climate
• Tinea corporis is a dermatophytosis that
causes pink-to-red annular (O-shaped) • Have close contact with an infected person
patches and plaques with raised scaly borders or animal
that expand peripherally and tend to clear • Share clothing, bedding or towels with
centrally someone who has a fungal infection
• The condition is common and highly
contagious, but it’s not serious.

CAUSE
M. canis, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans
• Participate in sports that feature skin-to-skin • Culture test
contact, such as wrestling TREATMENT
• Wear tight or restrictive clothing • Over-the-counter (OTC) topical fungicidal
• Have a weakened immune system medications
SYMPTOMS • topical medication or a fungicidal that you
• flat scaly area on the skin which may be red take by mouth.
and itchy PREVENTION
• ring- or circular-shaped rashes with edges • Keep clean
that are slightly raised • Stay cool and dry
• blisters and pus-filled sores near the rings • Avoid infected animals
DIAGNOSIS • Don't share personal items
• KOH test
• microscopic examination

• Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal
infection that usually begins between the
toes. It commonly occurs in people whose
feet have become very sweaty while
confined within tightfitting shoes.
• Commonly seen in athletes
• Athlete's foot is contagious
CAUSE
T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum
RISK FACTORS
You are at higher risk of athlete's foot if you:
• visiting public places barefoot, especially
locker rooms, showers, and swimming pools
TINEA PEDIS
• sharing socks, shoes, or towels with an
infected person
• wearing tight, closed-toe shoes
• keeping your feet wet for long periods of
time
• having sweaty feet
SYMPTOMS
• Itching, stinging and burning between your
toes or on soles of your feet
• Blisters on your feet that itch
• Cracking or peeling of skin
• Dry skin on your soles or sides of your feet
• Discolored, thick and crumbly toenails
DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT
• Take skin scrapings or samples from the infected • over-the-counter antifungal ointment, lotion,
area and view them under a microscope powder or spray
• Send a small sample of your skin to a lab to be • antifungal pills that you take by mouth
tested
 CANDIDIASIS
• Fungal infection caused by yeasts from the genus Some people are predisposed to candidal infections
Candida. Candida anbicans is the predominant by conditions such as:
cause of the disease. • diabetes mellitus
• The most common type of candidiasis is a • antibiotic therapy
superficial infection of mouth, vagina, or skin
that causes white or red patches and itching or • pregnancy
irritation or both. • oral contraceptive use,
• People whose immune system is weakened may • poor nutrition immunosuppressive diseases.
have serious infections of the esophagus and
other internal organs
• Oral candidiasis may be the first sign of infection
with HIV.
CAUSE
Candida anbicans
RISK FACTOR
SYMPTOMS • KOH test
• Red rashes with well-defined borders
• Scaling TREATMENT
• Pustules or vesiculopusules • Topical and oral antifungal agents, such as
clotrimazole, econazole, and miconazole, are
used in treatment depending on the site and
DIAGNOSIS extent of involvement.
VIRAL INFECTION
A viral infection is caused by exposure to a virus. Viruses cause infections
by invading their hosts' normal cells and using these cells to multiply and
produce other viruses like themselves. 
 VERRUCAE (WARTS)

• Warts represent an exaggeration of the normal • People with weak immune system
skin structures. There is an irregular thickening • People with unusual number of lesions on the
of the stratum spinosum and greatly increased body
thickening of the stratum corneum.
SYMPTOMS
• Verrucae are common lesions of children and
adolescents, although they may be encountered • Small, fleshy, grainy bumps
in any age group. • Flesh-colored, white, pink or tan
• Transmission usually involves direct contact • Rough to the touch
with an infected individual or autoinoculation
CAUSE
• human papillomavirus (HPV).

RISK FACTOR
• Elderly patients
DIAGNOSIS
The doctor will diagnose the warts based on:
• the appearance of your wart
• where it is positioned on your body
• the effect it has had on the surrounding skin
• the number of warts you have
• where they are located on your body
• the size of the wart
• the shape of the wart
• the colour of the wart
• the texture of the wart's surface
TREATMENT
• salicylic acid, cryotherapy, duct tape, surgery,
chemical treatments
PREVENTION
• Do not touch other people's warts.
• Do not share towels, flannels or other personal items
with someone who has a wart.
• Do not share shoes or socks with someone who has a
verruca.
• Avoid scratching or picking your wart or verruca as
this will encourage HPV to spread to other parts of
your body.
• Take care when shaving because the virus can be
spread easily if you cut yourself.
• Keep your feet dry and change your socks every day
to help prevent warts developing on your feet.
 HERPES SIMPLEX

• The herpes simplex virus also known as The risk is based almost entirely on exposure
HSV is an infection that causes herpes. to the infection
Herpes can appear in various parts of the • Having multiple sex partners
body, most commonly on the genitals or
mouth. Herpes simplex virus is a contagious • Having sex at a younger age
virus that can be transmitted from person to • Having another STD
person through direct contact.
• Weak immune system
TYPES
HSV-1
• Primarily causes oral herpes, and is
generally responsible for cold sores and
fever blisters around the mouth and on the
face
HSV-2
• Primarily causes genital herpes, and it
generally responsible for genital herpes
SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS
• Blistering sores • Physical exam
• Pain during urination • HSV testing
• Itching • Blood tests for antibodies to HSV-1 and
• Fever HSV-2 can also help diagnose these
infections. This is especially helpful when
• Swollen lymph nods there are no sores present.
• Headaches TREATMENT
• Tiredness • there is currently no cure for this virus.
• Lack of appetite Antiviral drug such as:
• acyclovir
• famciclovir
• valacyclovir
PREVENTION
• Try to avoid direct physical contact with other people.
• Don’t share any items that can pass the virus around, such as cups, towels,
silverware, clothing, makeup, or lip balm.
• Don’t participate in oral sex, kissing, or any other type of sexual activity during an
outbreak.
• Wash your hands thoroughly and apply medication with cotton swabs to reduce
contact with sores.
• Use condoms