CONSTRUCTI

ON
PRARTHNA ROY
(311216251061) TECHNOLOGY
: STATIC
CRANES
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or chains & sheaves,
that can be used both to lift & lower materials and to move them horizontally. Mainly used for lifting
heavy thing & transporting them to other places.
A static crane is a permanent/semi-permanent structure fixed to the ground or building that lifts &
moves loads along a fixed path. They can be easily assembled or disassembled.
TYPES
Types of static cranes include:
 Overhead cranes
 Tower cranes
 Level luffing cranes
 Ring cranes
Overhead cranes: a.k.a. bridge crane.
Consists of parallel runways with a travelling
bridge spanning the gap. Typically used for
either manufacturing/maintenance
applications where efficiency or downtime
are critical factors.
Tower cranes: A modern form of a balance
crane that consists of the same basic parts.
Tower cranes can achieve a height under
hook of over 100m. There are 4 types:
climbing, self-supporting, supporting, and
travelling/rail-mounted type.
Level luffing cranes: It’s a crane mechanism where
the hook remains at the same level while luffing i.e.,
moving the jib up & down, so as to move the hook
inwards & outwards relative to the base. Level luffing
is most important when careful movement of a load
near ground level is required, such as in construction
or shipbuilding.
Ring crane: Ring cranes are some of the largest and
heaviest land-based cranes ever designed. A ring-
shaped track support the main superstructure
allowing for extremely heavy loads (up to thousands
of tonnes). It is distinguished by its slew pivot being
in the form of a ring-shaped track, rather than a
narrow central spindle. The broad base this gives to
the slewing section above allows it to slew whilst
carrying extremely heavy loads.
 CAPACITIES
Capacity of overhead cranes: max. up to 120 tonnes
Capacity of tower cranes: 18 – 300 tonnes
Capacity of level luffing cranes: 110 – 250 tonnes
Capacity of ring cranes: max. up to 5000 tonnes
 COMPONENTS
Tower cranes are used extensively in construction and other industry to hoist and move
materials. There are many types of tower cranes. Although they are different in type, the main
parts are the same, as follows:

• Mast: the main supporting tower of the crane. It is made of steel trussed sections that are
connected together during installation.

• Slewing unit: the slewing unit sits at the top of the mast. This is the engine that enables the
crane to rotate.

• Operating cabin: on most tower cranes the operating cabin sits just above the slewing unit. It
contains the operating controls, load-movement indicator system (LMI), scale, anemometer,
etc.

• Jib: the jib, or operating arm, extends horizontally from the crane. A "luffing" jib is able to move
up and down; a fixed jib has a rolling trolley that runs along the underside to move goods
horizontally.

• Counter jib: holds counterweights, hoist motor, hoist drum and the electronics.

• Hoist winch: the hoist winch assembly consists of the hoist winch (motor, gearbox, hoist drum,
hoist rope, and brakes), the hoist motor controller, and supporting components, such as the
platform. Many tower cranes have transmissions with two or more speeds.

• Hook: the hook (or hooks) is used to connect the material to the crane. It is suspended from the
hoist rope either at the tip, for luffing jib cranes, or in the hoist rope belly underneath the
trolley for hammerhead cranes.

• Weights: Large, moveable concrete counterweights are mounted toward the rear of the
counter-deck, to compensate for the weight of the goods lifted and keep the centre of gravity
over the supporting tower.
ADVANTAGES OF TOWER CRANE:
The advantages of tower crane are:
•Tower cranes surpass the loading and lifting capacity of any
other crane in the world.
•Their height capacity can’t be matched by any other type
of crane.
•They have incredible stability and can bear the hardest
tasks.
DISADVANTAGES OF TOWER CRANE:
However, tower cranes have some disadvantages too. These
are:
•These cranes are very expensive and they require time,
effort and money to be shifted from one area to another.
•They have a high maintenance cost for repairs and
depreciation.
•They have a major labor-intensive to install.
ADVANTAGES OF LEVEL LUFFING CRANES:
Here, we present the advantages of level luffing cranes:
•The crane can be set to operate at a fixed level, relative
to the ground.
•The load materials can be loaded with great precision
due to its features.
•It allows the jib and the load to stay on the construction
site ensuring safety to the general public.
DISADVANTAGES OF LEVEL LUFFING CRANES:
The disadvantages of the level luffing crane are:
•It takes more time to perform movements necessary to
lift an object.
•They affect the performance and economy of the
construction site.
ADVANTAGES OF OVERHEAD CRANES:
• Easier installation, maintenance, and service
• Ideal for buildings with limited headroom
• Lower overall weight
• Lower production costs
• One of the more cost-effective options for light and
medium duty applications

DISADVANTAGES OF OVERHEAD CRANES:

• Decreased hook height compared to double girder
overhead lifting systems
• Lower rated lifting capacity (less than 15 tons)
• Operator cabs, walkways, and other special features are
difficult to incorporate
• Trolley wheels are mounted on the bottom flange of the
girder thereby causing more wear to it
APPLICATIONS
1. Construction Dam:
The huge dams require pouring hardware to put both roller compacted concrete
(RCC) or traditional cement in a brief timeframe. Construction dams also
heighten and widen construction work. In construction, dam material move is
another important part of all material that is heavy. From 5 ton to 10-ton tower
crane is needed to install to fulfill the dam construction requirement.
2. Construction Bridges:
One of the main consideration has bridge construction more important used for
lifting height. As far as tower crane detail, this leads you to consider the main
that will be required. There is a huge scope of frameworks from 1.2m right up to
5.5m wide.
3. Civil Construction:
Normally lifting capacity of construction site material airports, train stations, dam
construction used. This is advanced accessibility of the confined places of mini
crane used for the construction site of famous facilities.
4. Building construction:
For the high building, residential construction equipment has heavy material lifting from the outside and inside easily work done.
Residential building requires the tower crane compulsory without that it’s tough to manage material handling work. The high
residential building also uses the material and passenger lift to manage the material but when you require to move the material
from one building to another then there is a need for the tower crane.
5. Industry, plant, and Automation:
For the maintenance and manufacturing of equipment, line replaces and material handling capacity, an overhead crane is used.
In Industry where heavy material have to be lifted from one location to another, we can use the tower crane as a lifting method.
The company can use the tower crane inside or outside the plant it totally depends on the types of product company
manufactures like steel, generator, transmission manufacturing used it frequently. If the distance not more than the company
also use the overhead crane as an option.
6. Power Plant:
At power stations and substations where electrical cables are everywhere, electronic working extent limitation keeps blasts from
interfacing with electrical cables, so lifting works can be done securely.
Even in the construction of power plant, tower crane is used. Power plant chimney is very high so a tower crane is installedd.
7. Railway:
Heavy material lifting and maintenance for the side of the railroad. In railway tower, crane size is small as compared to the use in
building and other construction because here the main purpose of the tower crane is loading and unloading of material.
In railways, the tower crane is fixed in the wagon itself so wherever the wagon goes material load and unload is done with that
tower crane.
THANK YOU