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V AST (Aspartate) and ALT (Alanine) is present in

a wide variety of tissues-including heart, skeletal


muscle, kidney, and brain in addition to liver.
V Serum levels of AST and ALT are elevated to
some extent in almost all liver diseases (viral
hepatitis, obstructive jaundice and liver cirrhosis).
V Serum levels of AST and ALT are elevated to
some extent in almost all liver diseases (viral
hepatitis, obstructive jaundice and liver cirrhosis).
V An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test
measures the amount of this enzyme in the
blood. AST is normally found in red blood
cells, liver, heart, muscle tissue, pancreas, and
kidneys.
V Low levels of AST are normally found in the
blood. When body tissue or an organ such as
the heart or liver is diseased or damaged. After
severe damage, AST levels rise in 6 to 10 hours
and remain high for about 4 days
V AST formerly was called serum glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT).
V An aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test is
done to:

V Check for liver damage.


V Help identify liver disease,
especially hepatitis and cirrhosis. Liver disease
may produce symptoms such as pain in the
upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and
sometimes jaundice.
V Check on the success of treatment for liver
disease.
V Find out whether jaundice was caused by a
blood disorder or liver disease.
V Keep track of the effects of cholesterol-
lowering medicines and other medicines that
can damage the liver.
V The AST test may be done at the same
time as a test for alanine
aminotransferase, or ALT. The ratio of AST
to ALT sometimes can help determine
whether the liver or another organ has
been damaged. Both ALT and AST levels
can test for liver damage.
V An alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test measures
the amount of this enzyme in the blood. ALT is
found mainly in the liver, but also in smaller
amounts in the kidneys , heart , muscles,
and pancreas
V ALT is measured to see if the liver is damaged or
diseased. Low levels of ALT are normally found in
the blood. But when the liver is damaged or
diseased, it releases ALT into the bloodstream,
which makes ALT levels go up. Most increases in
ALT levels are caused by liver damage.
V ALT was formerly called serum glutamic pyruvic
transaminase (SGPT).
V The ALT test is often done along with
other tests that check for liver damage,
including aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), alkaline phosphatase, lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), and bilirubin. Both
ALT and AST levels are reliable tests for
liver damage.
V The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test is
done to:

V Identify liver disease,


especially cirrhosis and hepatitis caused by
alcohol, drugs, or viruses.
V Help check for liver damage.
V Find out whether jaundice was caused by a
blood disorder or liver disease.
V Keep track of the effects of cholesterol-
lowering medicines and other medicines
that can damage the liver.
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1) The reference range for ALP is dependent
on age.

2) In the human body, ALP has been identified


in liver, bone, intestine, kidney and
leukocytes. ALPs are a heterogeneous
group of enzymes. For patients with high
ALP levels, measurement of ALP isoenzymes
is useful for differentiating between bone
and liver sources.

3) The highest elevations of ALP in patients


with liver disease occur in patients with
cholestasis or hepatic carcinoma.
V A test for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is done
to:

V Check for liver disease or damage to the liver.


Symptoms of liver disease can
include jaundice, belly pain, nausea, and
vomiting. An ALP test may also be used to
check the liver when medicines that can
damage the liver are taken.
V Check bone problems (sometimes found on X-
rays), such as rickets, osteomalacia, bone
tumors, Paget's disease, or too much of the
hormone that controls bone growth
(parathyroid hormone). The ALP level can be
used to check how well treatment for Paget's
disease is working.
V An indices of a blockage of bile flow
Cholestasis,
V which maybe intra- or extra-hepatic
disease
V (tumor, cirrhosis )
V ADULT 25~90U/L
CHILD 50~350U/L

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