Characteristics Of Communication

 Communication is unintentional as well as

intentional
 Communication is dynamic Process
 Communication is systematic process
 Communication is both interaction &
transaction
Definition

 It is the process of passing information &

understanding from one person to another
person - Keith Davis

 It is any behavior that results in an

exchange of meaning - American
management association
Definition
 It is defined as the process of meaningful
interaction among human beings. More
specifically it is the process by which meanings
are perceived & understandings are reached
among human beings - D E Mcfarland

 It is the process by which information is passed

between individuals & /organizations by means of
previously agreed symbols - Peter Little
Elements Of Communication

 Source/sender
 Audience/Receiver
 Goal/purpose
 Context/ Environment
 Message/Content
 Medium/Channel
 Feedback/Response
Communication Process

1 8 7
Sender
Sender Audience
Audience Audience
Audience
Has
Hasan
anIdea
Idea Provides
ProvidesFeedback
Feedback Responds
RespondstotoMessage
Message

2 6
Sender
Sender Audience
Audience
Encodes
Encodesthe
theIdea
Idea Decodes
DecodesMessage
Message

3 4 5
Sender
Sender Sender
Sender Audience
Audience
Produces
ProducesMessage
Message Transmits
TransmitsMessage
Message Receives
ReceivesMessage
Message
The Communication Process

Step 1 Feedback also needs to be Step 6

encoded, transmitted, and decoded
Sender Receiver
Has An Idea Sends Feedback

Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Channel
Sender Sender Receiver Receiver
Encodes Idea Transmits Message Gets Message Decodes Message
Objectives Of Communication

(1) Objectives Of Downward Communication :

 Instructions ( It is about how to carry out a

process or procedures)
 Orders ( It is formal assignment of a task)

 Education & Training ( Education is the

development of the abilities of the mind &

training is practical education or practice in
some skill, under the guidance & supervision
of an expert
Objectives Of Communication
 On the job training
 Motivation
 Raising moral
 Counseling ( Specialized form of advice)
 Advice
 Persuasion ( It means making efforts to change
or influence the attitudes & behaviors of others)
 Warning
 Appreciation
Objectives Of Communication

(2) Objectives to Communication to Authority:

 Request

 Application

 Appeal ( It is an earnest request for help or support

for something that does not fall within your
privileges)
 Demand

 Representation

 Complaints

 Suggestion
 Objectives Of Communication

(3) Objectives Of Communication among

Equals:
 Discussion

 Co ordination

 Conflict resolution

 Problem solving

 Advise

 Social & Emotional support