Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2

Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.
Pd
Grade VIII Semester 2
2010/2011
Junior High School 1 Malang
www. tyas-physics.blogspot.com
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2 www. tyas-physics.blogspot.com
Basic Competency
• Students can plan and do the analysis of data in
the experiment of vibration and waves
Objectives:
1. To identify the movement of vibration with an experiment.
2. To determine the amplitude, period, and frequency of a vibration.
3. To measure period and frequency of vibration
4. Compare the characteristics of transversal and longitudinal waves
5. Investigate the wavelenght on the rope/slinky for transversal and longitudinal
wave.
6. To describe the relation of speed of traveling wave, frequency and wavelength
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Have you ever played a swing?
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What is a vibration ?
Vibration is an oscillating
movement through a point
of equilibrium
Vibration also known as Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
The restoring force also

leads to SHM when the
object is attached to a
vertical spring
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Point of Equilibrium
• Now, pay attention to the
seat of the swing a boy is
sitting on in figure beside.
• When it is not yet moved,
its position is at point O
• This point is the
equilibrium
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Displacement and Amplitude
 Displacement, is any distance between

the vibrating thing and its equilibrium
point.
 The maximum displacement of a
vibration is called Amplitude (A)
The amplitude of a vibration is

related to the energy of the
Amplitude (A) vibration. If its amplitude is big, so
HOME its energy is big too.
One Vibration
1 vibration =
movement from
A-O-B-O-A.
B A
O
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Vibration of pendulum swing
O is point of Equilibrium
1 Vibration: C-O-B-O-C
B-O-C-O-B
½ Vibration: C-O-B
B-O-C
B C ¼ Vibration: C – O
O B–O
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A is Amplitude
Period
Period (T) is the time needed to do one vibration
t t = time needed (s)
T n = number of vibration
n
The unit of period is second
For example, the time needed for a vibration is 0.5 seconds, so T = 0.5 seconds.
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Frequency
Frequency (f) the number of vibrations which happens every

second.
t = time needed (s)
n n = number of vibration
f 
t
The unit of frequency is 1/second or Hertz (Hz)
If the frequency of vibration is 50Hz it means there is any 50 times oscillations
in every second
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The Relation of Period and frequency
Period is inversely proportional with

frequency
1 1
f  T
T f
Example:
Calculate the frequency of the vibration of a ruler if its period is 0.02
seconds.
Given: T = 0.02 s
Question: f
Answer: f  1  1  100  50 Hz
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T 0.02s 2s
Problems of Vibration #1
1. In 5 seconds, there are 200 times vibration
a. What is the frequency of this vibration?
b. What is the period of this vibration?
2. If the frequency of a vibration is 400 Hz
a. What is the period?
b. How many times the object vibrate for 60 seconds?
3. A pendulum can oscillate 100 times in 10 minutes.
What is the period of the oscillation?
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Problems of Vibration #2
1. An object vibrates for 40 times in ¼ second. The frequency and the
period of the vibration is…
2. An object vibrates 50 times in 25 seconds between two points with a
distance of 30 cm
a. What is the frequency of vibration?
b. What is the period of vibration?
c. The amplitude of the vibration is… cm
3. If the time needed to move from A to B is 0.05 second
then the number of vibrations in 2 seconds are…
BOA
4. A pendulum is released from its maximum displacement, after 60
seconds, the pendulum has completed 20 cycles. Calculate the period
and frequency.
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EXPERIMENT TO INVESTIGATE THE PERIOD OF
PENDULUM SWING
OBJECTIVES
To investigate factors that influence period of a pendulum swing.
PROBLEM
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its amplitude?
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its thread length?
•Is the period of a pendulum influenced by its mass?
HYPOTHESIS
*Make hypothesis to estimate the period of a swing if its amplitude
increases?
MATERIAL AND APPARATUS
a swinging pendulum
a ruler
thread
a stopwatch or watch
a static upright rod and its clamp
PROCEDURE
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*Arrange the steps you will use to examine your hypothesis
CONCLUSION FROM THE
EXPERIMENT
• Period of swing pendulum is not influenced
by amplitude and pendulum’s mass
• Period of swing is influenced by thread

length
• The longer thread length, the longer the

period of pendulum
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RESONANCE
 when one object vibrating at the same natural
frequency of a second object forces that second
object into vibration motion.
 The effect of resonance is in the form of an
increase in the amplitude of its vibration.
 Without resonance we wouldn't have radio,
television, music, or swings on playgrounds.
 Of course, resonance also has its dark side. It
occasionally causes a bridge to collapse, a
helicopter to fly apart, or other inconveniences.
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RESONANCE
Resonance is not always advantageous.
• In 1831, a suspension bridge in England fell
down because it had resonance with the
trotting shoes of an army marching on it.
• In 1940, the Tahoma bridge in USA fell down
because it had resonance with the effect of a
blast of strong wind.
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RESONANCE
• When object x swings ,
which pendulum do
you think will swings
too?
Pendulum
C !!
• The pendulums swing with the same frequency
Why???? • Frequency of pendulum is depend on their
thread length and gravitational acceleration
• So, pendulum with the same thread length with
the swinging object will swings too
Wave
A wave is a disturbance travelling with definite

energy from one place to another
You can make a wave on a rope. In

this case, the rope is called a
medium
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Do the particles of the medium follow the movement of
the wave?
so, what is carried

While moving, the wave does not by a wave?
carry particles of the medium
A wave carries ENERGY from one

place to another.
When the disturbance moves through the medium, the

particles of the medium only move up and down (or
HOME closer and farther apart).
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Rarefaction
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Transverse Wave
crest
The movement direction
of wave is perpendicular
to the direction of its
vibration
Example: Light, Water
wave, Rope’s wave
A wavelength (λ) is the distance between one point in a wave

and the nearest similar point in the wave.
Example: the distance from a crest to the nearest crest or from
a trough to trough
Large amplitude  Large energy carried by wave

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Small amplitude  Small energy carried by wave
Longitudinal Wave
The movement direction
of wave is parallel to the
direction of its vibration
Example: Sound
A wavelength (λ) is the distance between the two nearest

rarefactions or two nearest compressions.
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Speed of wave
s
Remember v If the wave passes one wavelength (λ), its
t passing time is the period of the wave (T),
and the previous formula can be rewritten as
 v  . f
v
T
v = speed of wave (m/s)
Relation of f and T is: λ = wavelength (m)
1 T = period (s)
f 
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T f = frequency (Hz)
EXERCISE OF WAVE #1
1. From the figure of wave beside, find its
a. Amplitude
b. wavelength
c. Period
2. Calculate the speed of the following wave
3. Calculate the speed of the following wave

2seconds
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3m
ANSWER
1.
a. Amplitude = 15 cm
length of rope 15m
b. Wavelength :   number of wave  1.5  10m
total time 6s
c. Period T
number of wave 1.5
  4s
2. To find speed , there are two ways:

total length 24
   4m
total time 6 s
Or find its wavelength and period first. 6s

T  2s
  2  4  8m 3
Then find the speed with formula:  8
v   4m
T 2 s
Two variations way give the same result, that speed is equal to 4 m/s
3. From the picture, we already know the T = 2 seconds (distance between crest
to crest)
length of rope 3m
Then find its wavelength    2m
number of wave 1.5
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Thus its speed:  2 m

v  1
T 2 s

Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2

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Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.PD: Grade VIII Semester 2

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Tyas Ajeng Puspitasari, S.

The restoring force also

 Displacement, is any distance between

The amplitude of a vibration is

Period (T) is the time needed to do one vibration

t t = time needed (s)

Frequency (f) the number of vibrations which happens every

Period is inversely proportional with

• Period of swing is influenced by thread

• The longer thread length, the longer the

A wave is a disturbance travelling with definite

You can make a wave on a rope. In

so, what is carried

A wave carries ENERGY from one

When the disturbance moves through the medium, the

A wavelength (λ) is the distance between one point in a wave

Large amplitude  Large energy carried by wave

A wavelength (λ) is the distance between the two nearest

3. Calculate the speed of the following wave

2. To find speed , there are two ways:

Or find its wavelength and period first. 6s

Thus its speed:  2 m

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