Cases of Pronoun

C ASES OF
PRONOUN
OBJECTIVES
• Understand what a pronoun is

• Identify types of pronouns
• Explain pronoun case
• Use pronoun case correctly
Grammar--Pronoun Case 2
DEFINITION
A pronoun takes the place of a

noun.
Jack went to the store; hJaeck bought

an apple
GENERAL PRONOUN RULE
• Pronouns must use the case of how they

function in the sentence.
Jack was tired when he got home. So Mary and

the children took him out to her favorite
restaurant. They had tacos.
TYPES OF PRONOUNS
Personal – I, you he
Relative – who, whom, that, which
Indefinite – each, one, anyone
A. Reflexive – myself
B. Intensive – himself
C. Interrogative – who
D. Reciprocal – one another
E. Demonstrative – this,
these, that, those
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
• Personal pronouns are the most

commonly used pronouns.
• These pronouns are used to
replace a specific noun.
–Jack went to the store. He bought a
gallon of milk.
• Personal pronouns have the most
forms of any pronoun.
CLASSIFICATIONS
P ronouns are classified by Case

number, case, and
person, gender.
Subjective Objective Possessive
Person Number
1st Singular I Me My/Mine
Plural We Us Our/Ours
2nd Singular Thou Thee Thy/Thine
Plural Ye You Your/Yours
3rd Singular Masc. He Him His
Gende Fem. She Her Hers
r
Neuter It It Its
CASE
Case shows how the pronoun functions in the sentence:

– subject, direct object, object of a preposition, etc.
Unlike person, gender, and number, it does not need to
agree with its antecedent.
A. English has three cases.

– Subjective
– Objective
– Possessive
SUBJECTIVE CASE
• Subjective case – the pronoun functions as a

subject
– I went to the store.
– She built a computer.
SUBJECTIVE CASE
• Subjective case – the pronoun functions as a

subject compliment
– It is I.
– The judges were Mary and she.
– It was not he that gave her roses.
SUBJECTIVE CASE
Testing for subjective case –
A. Suzy and me went to the store.

I
OBJECTIVE CASE
• Objective case – the pronoun

functions as a direct object,
–I took her to the movies.
OBJECTIVE CASE
• Objective case – the pronoun

functions as an indirect object,
–I took her home.
OBJECTIVE CASE
• Objective case – the pronoun functions as an

object of a prepositional phrase
– Aidin gave the car to us.
– Our dog ran after Mark and me.
– After Mark and I saw the movie, we went out for
pizza. (After is a subordinating conjunction)
OBJECTIVE CASE
• Objective case – the pronoun functions as a

object after than
– Jill liked Sidney better than me.
– (Jill liked Sidney better than she liked me.)
THE DREADED ME
• Me is objective case – it functions as a direct

object, indirect object or object of a preposition
– She took me to the movies.
– He walked me home.
– Between you and me, Daren is a snob.
THE DREADED ME
• Exceptions – informal
–It is me.
–Why me?
OBJECTIVE CASE
Testing for Objective case –
Jake took Jake and I to the races.

me
The contest was between Cindy and

she for first place.
her
POSSESSIVE CASE
• Possessive case – the pronoun shows

ownership or possession
– It is my book. (adjective)
– The book is mine. (pronoun)
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Case
Number Subjective Objective Possessive
1st
2nd
Person
Who, That
3rd Singular & Whom Whose
&
Plural
Which
WHO
• Who or whom frequently start a

dependent clause
• Use who if it is the subject of the

clause
–Mary went to the doctor who was a
specialist.
WHOM
• Use whom as the object of a prepositional

phrase
– To whom do you want me to address the
letter?
• Use whom if it is the direct object of the
clause
– Mary went to the doctor whom she thought
to be
the best.
– She sang for whoever would listen.
HINT- find the verb in the clause then the subject.

WHOSE
• Do not confuse whose with who’s

–The student whose paper is best will
receive a scholarship.
• Whose shows ownership of the paper
–Who’s the best writer in class?
• Contraction of who is
RESTRICTIVE
RESTRICTIVE NON- RESTRICTIVE

• Limits a noun • Adds information
– The man who rowed – Tony, who rowed a
a boat across the boat across the
Atlantic Ocean wrote Atlantic Ocean, wrote
a book about his a book about his
adventure. adventure.
• That is always – Which is usually non-
restrictive restrictive
THA
T
• That is frequently omitted in a sentence
– Mary took the medicine she needed.
• That often requires the subjunctive mood
– I wish that he were here.
• That can refers to person or things
• That is always restrictive (no commas)
– The book that was on the table needs to be
returned to the library.
WHICH
• In general which refers to things

–The book, which I left on the table,
must be returned to the library.
• Some grammar books, including
MSWord, insist which must be
used with commas.
INTENSIVE/REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
Subjective/Intensive Objective/Reflexive Possessive
1st Person
Singular Myself Myself
Plural Ourselves Ourselves
2nd Person
Singular Yourself Yourself
Plural Yourselves Yourselves
3rd Person
Singular Himself, herself, itself Himself, herself,
itself
Plural Themselves Themselves
INTENSIVE/REFLEXIVE CONT.
Intensive are used A. Reflexive are

with subjects objects
–Jack, himself, –Jack baked the
baked the cake. cake by
himself.
Intensive and Reflexive pronouns cannot

substitute for I or me
A. Ted and myself went to the

store.
B. Ted and I went to the
store.
.
• Hisself, Theirself and Theirselves

are not acceptable English words
SUMMARY
• Pronouns must match the case of

how they function in the
sentence
PRONOUN EXERCISE 1
I plan on visiting my grandmother

lives in Arizona.
a) whom
b) that
c) which
d) who
PRONOUN EXERCISE 2
My grandmother called my mother while my

sister and were at my mother’s house.
A. Me
B. I
C. myself
D. myselves
PRONOUN EXERCISE 3
I have not seen my grandmother in

several years, is too
long.
A. whom
B. that
C. which
D. when
PRONOUN EXERCISE 4
My grandmother said she wanted

us to visit next
week.
A. whom
B. that
C. which
D. when
PRONOUN EXERCISE 5
She wants to give us some gift from Ben,

my uncle.
A. whom
B. whose
C. which
D. who’s
PRONOUN EXERCISE 6
My Uncle Ben was single and traveled

the world by .
A. hiself
B. oneself
C. himself
D. hiselfes
RELATIVE PRONOUN
EXERCISE
He always brought expensive items for
want to have them.
A. Whoever
B. Whichever
C. Whomever
D. Who.
PRONOUN EXERCISE 7
Needless to say, my sister and

were on the next plane.
A. me
B. myself
C. I
D. us
PRONOUN EXERCISE 8
From Uncle Ben’s gifts, I selected an

African mask for .
A. me
B. myself
C. I
D. us
PRONOUN EXERCISE 9
My sister selected sapphire earrings,

complemented her eyes.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whose
PRONOUN EXERCISE 10
It is difficult to say selection

was better.
A. whom’s
B. who
C. whose
D. who’s

Cases of Pronoun

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Cases of Pronoun

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C ASES OF

• Understand what a pronoun is

A pronoun takes the place of a

Jack went to the store; hJaeck bought

• Pronouns must use the case of how they

Jack was tired when he got home. So Mary and

• Personal pronouns are the most

P ronouns are classified by Case

Case shows how the pronoun functions in the sentence:

A. English has three cases.

• Subjective case – the pronoun functions as a

• Subjective case – the pronoun functions as a

Testing for subjective case –

A. Suzy and me went to the store.

• Objective case – the pronoun

• Objective case – the pronoun

• Objective case – the pronoun functions as an

• Objective case – the pronoun functions as a

• Me is objective case – it functions as a direct

Testing for Objective case –

Jake took Jake and I to the races.

The contest was between Cindy and

• Possessive case – the pronoun shows

• Who or whom frequently start a

• Use who if it is the subject of the

• Use whom as the object of a prepositional

HINT- find the verb in the clause then the subject.

• Do not confuse whose with who’s

RESTRICTIVE NON- RESTRICTIVE

• In general which refers to things

Intensive are used A. Reflexive are

Intensive and Reflexive pronouns cannot

A. Ted and myself went to the

• Hisself, Theirself and Theirselves

• Pronouns must match the case of

I plan on visiting my grandmother

My grandmother called my mother while my

I have not seen my grandmother in

My grandmother said she wanted

She wants to give us some gift from Ben,

My Uncle Ben was single and traveled

Needless to say, my sister and

From Uncle Ben’s gifts, I selected an

My sister selected sapphire earrings,

It is difficult to say selection

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