Setting out of curve

(By one theodolite - Rankein’s method)

 Fundamentals of circular curve
Curve facilitates change in direction of alignment in
between two straights (Two tangents).

For a simple circular curve following terminology is

used:-
Tangent length = T1 I = R tan Δ/2
Length of curve = T1AT2 = π R Δ /180
Length of long chord = T1T2(L) = 2 R Sin Δ/2
Apex distt. = AI = R Sec Δ/2 – R

Where ‘R’ = Radius

Δ = Deflection angle.
 A

Fig -1
o
ELEMENTS OF SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
 Curve used in Railway working –
Transitioned circular curve.
 Terminology:-
1.Length of transition curve (LTC) ‘l’ :- Maxi of
i. 0.008 Ca .Vm Based on rate of
change of cant
ii. 0.008 Cd .Vm gradient = 35 mm/ Sec.

iii 0.72 Ca ( Based on cant gradient of 1:720)

2. Shift ‘S’ = l 2/24.R
3. Combined curve length ‘ CCL’ = π R Δ /180+ l
 Typical calculations
 Example :- Puntamba-Shirdi project - Take off curve.
 Δ = 100º4’00”
 LTC ‘l ‘= 80.00m
 Vertex Ch.= 1356.00m
 Degree of curve = 5.80º (R=1750/5.8=301.724m)
 ‘S’= l 2/24R= 0.883m
 TL (Tangent Length) =(R +S) tan Δ/2 + l /2= 401.059m
Ch of T1 = 1356.00 - 401.059 = 954.941 m
 ‘CCL’ = π R Δ /180 + l = 606.958 m
 Length of circular curve ‘J1 to J2’ = CCL - 2 l
= 446.958 m
 Calculations Contd…
 Ch. Of T2 = Ch of T1 + CCL = 1561.899 m
 Ch of Apex. ( Mid pt. of circular curve)
= Ch of T1 + CCL/2 = 1258.420 m
 Ch. Of J2 = Ch of Apex + Length Circular curve/2
= 1481.899 m
Ch. Of T2 = Ch. Of J2 + l = 1561.899 m
( This should match with Ch of T1+CCL)
Vertex distt. = (R+S) Sec Δ/2 - R = 169.375m
 Field Layout
 Formation of Vertex :- Prolong the both
straights from available references and form
the vertex (Point of intersection - I).
 With theodolite at one straight, mark two
points app 2 m apart near probable apex.
 Keep theodolite on another straight and
extend the same and find ‘I’ .
( Practically a thread is held across both
points marked earlier on previous straight.
 This point is Point of intersection - I.
 Field Layout Contd…
 Measure the deflection angle Δ by stationing
theodolite at I .
 To check accuracy of chaining etc. keep
theodolite at T1 and measure angle IT1T2 and this
should be equal to angle Δ /2.
 Locate Apex of curve by keeping theodolite at I
and measuring half of included angle (90- Δ /2 )
from one of tangent and fixing the point by
chaining equal to vertex distt from point I. (This
point is good check while laying curve as mid
point)
 Field Layout Contd…
 Laying of transition curve: by theodolite
method:-
 Set the theodolite at T and set o-o reading
1
towards I.
 For locating first point P set angle ά =
1 1
573(x1)²/R l (in Minutes)
= 573(20) ²/(301.724x80) = 9.49 min = 0º9’29”
and measure distt. of 20m from T1.
 Field Layout Contd…

distance R l ά(in minutes)

20 301.724 80 9.50

40 301.724 80 37.98

60 301.724 80 85.46

80 301.724 80 151.93

Distance x to be measured from T1 only.

 Field Layout Contd…
 By offset method also transition curve can be
laid:-
 Offset from tangent y = x³/6Rl in meters
 Check for J1 offset = 4S
 Laying of circular curve:-
 Set the theodolite at J1 .
 Establish a common tangent by setting an angle
equal to twice of deflection at J1 (2ά4) = 5º3’51”
from line T1J1
 3 α say = Ø

Establishing a common tangent

 Field Layout Contd…
 For locating point on circular curve with Rankein’s
deflection angle method:-
 δ = 1718.9 * C / R in minutes.
 By measuring angle δ1 from common tangent (T1J1)
and distance C from J1 fix first point P1.
 Δ1= δ1
 Δ2=Δ1+ δ1
 Δ3=Δ2+ δ1
 Fix different points on circular curve by measuring
Δ1,Δ2 &Δ3…….etc. and fixing points P1/P2 & P3 …etc
at distance from each consecutive point equal to
‘C=25m” or so.
 Field Layout Contd…
 All angles to be measured from common tangent
only.
 For longer curves to avoid error circular portion
to be laid in four parts - from J1 and further,
From Apex towards J1 , From Apex towards J2
and from J2 towards Apex.
 or at convenient points common tangent be
established and curve laid further wrt common
tangent.
 To establish common tangent at apex set
theodolite at Apex see vertex and set 90º angle.
Deflection angles for different points.
P1 2º22'25" From J1 –P1 25m
P2 4º44'50" From P1 –P2 25m
P3 7º7'16" From P2 –P3 25m
P4 9º29'41" From P3 –P4 25m
P5 11º52'7" From P4 –P5 25m
P6 14º14'32" From P5 –P6 25m
P7 16º36'57" From P6 –P7 25m
P8 18º59'23" From P7 –P8 25m
P9 21º21'48" From P8 –P9 25m
 ∆ -2Ø

P2
3
P1 25m
2 25m

1 P3
25m

(∆ -2Ø)/2

J1 J2