RESPIRATION

• What is a respiration ?
Process to obtain energy by living organism using glucose in the
presence of oxygen.
•A respiration occurs in two main stages: :
-External Respiration or breathing
-Internal respiration or cellular
respiration

• External respiration is a mechanical process

of taking in air into lungs (inhale) & air is
expel from lung (exhale)

2, Internal Respiration is biochemical process

which occurs in living cells to release energy
in form of ATP
 •What is a Celluar Respiration ?

Is the process of oxidising glucose molecules

to carbon dioxide , water & energy in form of
ATP

There two types of cellular respiration:

1. Aerobic respiration
2. Anaerobic respiration

Sex :
• men need more energy rich nutrients
than women (small amount of fatty tissue)
• women need bigger amounts of some
minerals and vitamins.

Job/occupation
• a sedentary worker requires a lower
energy intake than a manual worker
like a trishaw peddler.
 UNBALANCED DIET
• People can suffer from malnutrition and deficiency disease when do not
eat a balanced diet.
• may have sufficient energy but deficient in certain classes of food.
• millions of people in the world suffer from:
- high blood pressure, heart disease (a diet which contains too much salt)
- osteoporosis ( lack of Calcium)
- diabetes mellitus, obesity (a diet which contains too much sugar, carbohydra
and fats)

ENERGY VALUE OF FOOD

• the unit of energy in food can be measured in calories (cal) or joules (J).
• Calorific value : the amount of energy released from 1 gram of a particular type
of food
: the amount of heat energy released when 1 gram of food is
completely burnt in the air.
: 1 calorie (cal) equal to 4.2 joules (J)
: is measured in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g) or
kilocalories per gram (kcal/g)
• energy values of food depends on the class of food. Which class of food has
the highest energy value?
PLANNING A BALANCED DIET

• the different kinds of local food have the different calorific values.
• to ensure that the diet is balanced, we have to choose a food type from each
of the four main group in food pyramid.
• to ensure that the body has sufficient energy to function physically, to grow and
to maintain good health.

Guidelines
1. Eat sufficient quantities, not too much nor to little.
2. Include all classes of food
3. Eat food that is rich in carbohydrates, proteins and fibre.
4. Eat less fatty and sweet food
5. Eat food that is rich in vitamins and mineral salt
6. Use only a little salt and oil in cooking.
7. Drink a lot of water.

HOW TO CALCULATE THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF FOOD