Evaluation

In this practical we tried to separate rock salt – a

mixture of clay and sand.
1.Why did you crush the rock salt with pestle and
mortar?
2.What happened to the rock salt when you added
water?
3.Why was the mixture stirred in step 2?
4.When the mixture was filtered, what was left in the filter
paper?
5.Why was the salt solution heated?
EXTENSION: Lynne says “To get a purer sample of
salt, you should use distilled water not tap water”. Is
she correct? Why?
 Conclusion
06/11/20

Conclusion: Filtration can be used to

remove something that _____
dissolve and..

evaporation can be used to separate

something that _____ dissolve.

does does not

Distillation Learning outcomes
06/11/20

• Describe distillation
• Explain physical processes involved in
distillation
• Identify the advantages of distillation

Key words: vapour, condense, distillation,

Liebig condenser, purify
06/11/20
 06/11/20

• What is a boiling point?

• What is freezing point?
 Distillation
06/11/20

Evaporation and boiling – what are the

differences?

1. Boiling
requires heat
2. Evaporation
only at the
surface
3. No bubbles
formed in
evaporation
 Extracting salt
06/11/20

• Where did the water go when I boiled

the solution?
• How could I capture the water?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jeeo
UrLkmcE&ab_channel=EDCHAT%C2%
AE
(making drinking water)
Distillation apparatus – LIEBIG
06/11/20

condenser
 Uses of distillation
06/11/20

• Production of gasoline
• Distilled water
• Making more concentrated alcohol
• Fragrances and essential oils
• Separating petrol and diesel
 Distillation demo
06/11/20

• What safety precautions should I take?

• Consider what happens and also how the method

differs from the evaporating basin method.

• Predict what will happen with ice, and what will

happen without ice.
06/11/20
 Distilling mixtures
06/11/20

• Liquid evaporates due to heating. The vapour produced is condensed

back into a liquid.
• When salty water is heated, only the water (solvent) changes state and
the salt (solute) is left behind. The water produced is called distilled
water.
• Different liquids boil at different temperatures – for example, ethanol
boils at 78 °C and water at 100 °C.
• This means that mixtures of liquids can be separated using distillation.
A thermometer at the top of a distillation flask shows the temperature of
the vapour being condensed and hence identifies the substance being
separated.
• Distillation is an effective way of purifying alcohol or increasing the
concentration of alcoholic drinks. It is also useful for separating
flammable liquids like petrol and diesel because the vapours never
come into direct contact with the flame.
 Worksheet
06/11/20

Answer Q1.
•Name each of the parts on the diagram
•Describe role played by each part in
making the process of distillation work
And Q3 as an extension
label the diagram
06/11/20
 06/11/20

1. Why is distillation a better way to

separate salt and water than
crystallisation?
2. Why is a thermometer important for
distillation?
3. Petrol and diesel are flammable. Why is
distillation a good method of separating
petrol and diesel?
4. Explain how water and ethanol are
separated.
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 06/11/20

Chromatography
Chromatography can be used to separate a mixture of
different inks. Some example questions…

R G B X 1 2 3 Z

1) Ink X contains two 2) Which ink is ink Z

different colours. What made out of?
are they?
 Saturated solutions
06/11/20

Consider our previous work on solutions:

Clearly, there is only so much

solute a solution can take…

A mixture that cannot take

any more solute is called a
“saturated solution”
 Solubility
06/11/20

“Solubility” means “how much can be dissolved”.

Solubility usually increases with temperature:

100
Solubility
80
g/100ml Salt
60
40 Potassium
20
chloride

0
10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60
Temperature/0C
 Solubility words
06/11/20

Something that CAN dissolve is described as being…

Solute
How much of something that can be dissolved is
called… Solution

Something that CANNOT be dissolved is described

Solvent
as being…

A solution that CAN’T dissolve anything else is… Soluble

The solid that will be dissolved is the…

Insoluble
The mixture of solute and solvent is called the…
Saturated
The liquid that the solute will be dissolved into is
the…
Solubility
06/11/20
 Separating mixtures summary
06/11/20

1) A mixture containing something that DOES dissolve can

be separated using __________
2) A mixture of liquids with different boiling points can be
separated using _________
3) A mixture of different inks can be separated using
_______
4) A mixture containing something that DOES NOT
dissolve can be separated using _________

Distillation, chromatography, evaporation or filtration?