Basic Hydraulics

Chapter 5

Hydraulic System Components

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Reservoir and Accessories (Slide 5.1)

Additional Reservoir Functions

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Reservoir and Accessories (Slide 5.2)

Non-Pressurized Reservoir

Pressurized Reservoir

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Reservoir and Accessories (Slide 5.3)

Control Valve in Tank

Components of Reservoirs

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Filters (Slide 5.4)

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings (Slide 5.5)

Old Piping Method

Modern Tube Method

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings (Slide 5.6)

Main Working Lines

Return Lines

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings
(Slide 5.7)

End Hose Fittings

Basic Construction
of Hoses

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings
(Slide 5.8)

Hoses
Compensate for
changes in hose length

Do Not twist hoses

Extreme flexing
shortens hose life

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings
(Slide 5.9)

Branch Hose

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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings
(Slide 5.10)

Quick Coupling
Unlock a
Quick Coupling

Sliding the
Coupling Half Off
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Piping, Hoses, and Quick Couplings
(Slide 5.11)

O-Ring in Quick Coupler

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Pumps (Slide 5.12)

Non-Positive
Displacement Pump

Positive
Displacement Pump
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Pumps (Slide 5.13)

Fixed and Variable

Delivery

External Gear
Pump
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Pumps (Slide 5.14)

Geroter or
Trochoid
Pump

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Pumps (Slide 5.15)

Pumping Action
Vane Pump of Piston Pump

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Pumps (Slide 5.16)

Operational Principle of
Bent Axis Piston Pump Piston Movement

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Pumps (Slide 5.17)

Angle of Bent Swash Plate Type

Axis Pump Axial Piston Pump

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Valves (Slide 5.18)

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Valves One-Way Restrictor Valve
(Slide 5.19)

One-Way Restrictor One-Way Restrictor

(Open) (Closed)

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Valves (Slide 5.20) Shuttle Valve Operation

Shuttle Valve

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Valves Rapid Exhaust Valve
(Slide 5.21)

Quick Drop Valve Quick Drop Valve

(Start of Lowering) (While Lowering)

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Valves (Slide 5.22)

Relief Valve Symbols

Relief Valve

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Valves (Slide 5.23)

Poppet Type Relief Valve

Poppet Relief Valve

(at start of relief setting
or cracking pressure)

Poppet Relief Valve

(fully open)

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Valves (Slide 5.24)

Spool Type Relief Valve

(closed)

Spool Type Relief Valve

(open)

Comparison of Spool (Left) and

Poppet (Right) Relief Areas
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Valves (Slide 5.25)

Pilot Type Relief Valve Pilot Type Relief Valve

(Closed) (Open)

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Valves (Slide 5.26)
Adjusting Relief Valve
Set Pressure
Adjusting Relief Valve (adjusting bolt type)
Set Pressure
(shim adjustment type)

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Valves (Slide 5.27)
Proportional Pressure Proportional Pressure
Relief Valve Regulator

Differential Pressure Flow Dividing

Regulator Valve

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Valves (Slide 5.28)

Three Directional
Directional Valve Control Valve

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Valves (Slide 5.29)

Three Directional Three Directional

Control Valve Control Valve
(spool in middle position) (spool moved to the right)

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Valves (Slide 5.30)

Three Directional Control Valve

(spool moved to the left)

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Valves (Slide 5.31)

4-Way Directional
Control Valves
Open and Closed (classified by open or
Center 4-Way Valve closed ports)

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Valves (Slide 5.32)

Detent in Spool Valve

(any position other
than “float”)
Detent in Spool Valve
(lever in “float” position)

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Valves (Slide 5.33)

The Purpose of Annular

Ring Grooves on Spools
The Purpose of Notches
on the Shoulders of
Spool Lands

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Actuators (Slide 5.34)
Two Ways to Increase Actuator Output Force

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.35)

Cylinder Nomenclature

Hydraulic Cylinder
Construction
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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.36)

Piston U-Packing

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.37)

Piston Ring

Dust Seal
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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.38)

Cylinder Head

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.39)

Single Acting Cylinder Double-Acting Cylinder

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.40)
Comparing Cylinder Extension and Retraction

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.41)

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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.42)

Beginning of cushioning
in the Rod (head) Side of
Cushion Cylinder

Oil is Throttled
Through
Plunger Slits
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Hydraulic Cylinders (Slide 5.43) Telescopic Cylinder

Cushioning at the Bottom

of a Cylinder

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Motors
(Slide 5.44)

Fixed and Variable Displacement Motors

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Motors
(Slide 5.45)

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Motors
(Slide 5.46)

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Motors (Slide 5.47)

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Motors
(Slide 5.48)

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Motors (Slide 5.49)

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Motors
(Slide 5.50)

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Motors
(Slide 5.51)

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Motors
(Slide 5.52)

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Accumulator (Slide 5.53)

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Heat Exchangers (Slide 5.54)

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END CHAPTER 5

Komatsu General Basic

Chapter 1 – Fundamentals
of Hydraulics
Subject
Chapter 2 – Hydraulic Ter Basic Hydraulics
ms
Chapter 3 – Hydraulic Fluid
s
Chapter 4 – Hydraulic Sym
bols
Chapter 5 – Hydraulic Syst
em Components

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