1-1: Real Numbers,

Relations & Functions

Learning Goals:
•Rational & irrational
numbers
•coordinate system in a
plane.
•concept of relations &
functions
 Definition
The Real Number System:

Real Numbers

Rational Irrational
Numbers Numbers
 Definition
Rational Numbers can be
r
expressed in the form
s
where r and s are integers
and s  0 . Rational numbers
can be written as a decimal
that either terminates or
repeats in a pattern.
 Example
Rational Numbers:
r 7
1 -3
3
4 s0
2 55

5 3 60
 Important Idea
A rational number is a
number that can be
found on a number line.

-4 0 1 7 5
2
 Definition
Irrational Numbers are
numbers that cannot be
r
expressed in the form
s
and cannot be found on a
number line.
 Example
Irrational Numbers:
2 
5 e
95
 Important Idea
Any number that cannot be
written as a decimal that
either terminates or repeats
in a pattern is an irrational
number. Square roots of
numbers that are not perfect
squares are always irrational.
 Important Idea
Numbers such as 2 are
called irrational numbers
and are always between
two other numbers.
2
1 2
1.4 1.5
 Important Idea

...If 2 is always between

two numbers, where
exactly is it?

Could it be that it doesn’t

exist ???
 Try This
True or False:
9 is an irrational number.

False
 Try This
On a sheet of paper, list
the differences between a
rational number and an
irrational number.
 Definition
Cartesian
II I
Coordinate
System: origin

axes
III IV
quadrants
 Example
Plot the
following
ordered pairs:
(2,4)
(3,-5)
(-4,-4)
(0,5)
 Definition
The Domain is all the
possible values that x can
have. The Range is all the
possible values that y can
have.
f(x) is another name for y.
 Example
The table shows the height and
arm span in cm. of six members
of the cheerleading squad:
Height 178 189 158 169 195 188
Arm 180 180 163 169 189 182
Span
Write the relation’s domain and
range using set notation.
 Example
Given the relation {(0,1),
(1,2), (-1,2),(2,5),(-2,5)
(3,10),(-3,10)}, state its
domain & range, create a
scatter plot and find a rule
that relates the value of the
first coordinate to the value
of the second coordinate.
 Try This
Given the relation {(0,0),
(1,1),(1,-1),(4,2),(4,-2)(9,3),
(9,-3)}, state its domain &
range, create a scatter plot
and find a rule that relates
the value of the first
coordinate to the value of
the second coordinate.
 Solution
Domain={0,1,4,9}
Range={-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3}
2
Rule:x  y or y   x
Lists: Scatter Plot:
 Definition
A function is a set of ordered
pairs such that the first
coordinate denotes the input,
the second coordinate
denotes the output that is
obtained from the rule of the
function, and each input
corresponds to one and only
one output.
 Important Idea
A function is like
a meat grinder.
You put
something in
(Domain), turn
the crank
(implement the
Rule), and
collect
the output (Range).
 Example
In the following sets of ordered
pairs, the first coordinate
represents an input and the
second coordinate represents
the corresponding output.
Explain why each set is, or is
not, a function.
a) {(0,1),(-1,3),(2,4),(2,-1)}
b) {(0,1),(-1,3),(2,4),(3,-1)}
 Try This
In the following set of ordered
pairs, the first coordinate
represents an input and the
second coordinate represents
the corresponding output.
Explain why each set is, or is
not, a function.
a) {(0,1),(1,3),(2,4),(3,5)}
b) {(0,1),(2,3),(2,4),(3,5)}
 Example
These are
examples of
functions. Each
input must have
one and only
one output.
{(0,1),(1,3),(2,4),(3,5)}
 Example
These are
examples of
relations which
are not
functions. Each
input has more
than one
output.
{(0,1),(1,3),(1,4),(3,5)}
 Definition
Function Notation: Instead of
2
y  x  3, we write
2
f ( x)  x  3. If the input is 2,
then the output is 7, that is :
f (2)  7. The rule is: x  3
2
 Try This
For the function: f ( x )   x
What is f (4) , f (9) & f ( 4)?
What is the domain (inputs) and
range (outputs)?
f (4)  2 D= {x  o}
f (9)  3 R={ y  0}
f (4) is undefined