CHAPTER 4

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

 Learning Objective
• Describe changes in reactivity of Group 1
elements down the group.
• Predict physical and chemical properties
of other element in Group 1.
• State the safety precaution when handling
Group 1 elements.
Group 1 elements PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
 INTRODUCTION

Potassium
Lithium K
Li Sodium
Na
• ELEMENTS IN GROUP 1
1. Alkali metals
2. Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, francium
3. Each element contains 1 valence e-

4. Physical properties:
- good conductor of heat n electricity
- Soft metal
- Grey, silvery, shiny surface metal
- Low melting points n boiling points compared to heavy metals such as iron
- Low densities – float on water..

5. When going down group1

- The atomic size increases – no of shells occupied with e- increases
- The melting and boiling point decrease – size increase force of attraction
become weaker
- The density of elements increases.
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 1
1. 1. valence electron
2. During chemical reaction, it will lose the valence e- to form an ion
with a charge of +1
-achieving the stable duplet or octet e- arrangement

3. Elements in group 1 are very reactive metals

4. Alkali metals have similar chemical properties but differ in reactivity

5. The reactivity increases down the group.

-depends on how easily it can lose its valence e-
A) Changes in reactivity of group 1 elements
down the group

1. The reactivity will be observe when the reaction of the

Group 1 elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.

2. Reaction of lithium, sodium and potassium with:

-Water ( X + H2O  XOH + H2 ) XOH- alkaline metal
hydroxide

-Oxygen ( X + O2  2X20)- white solid metal oxides

* X20 + H2O  2XOH

-Halogen ( 2X + Y2  2XY )
 Reaction with water
2Li + 2H20 2LiOH + H2
Lithium Lithium water Lithium Hydroxide Hydrogen
-Reaction moves slowly.
-Look red flame.
-Turns red litmus to blue.

Sodium 2Na + a2H20 2NaOH + H2

Natrium water Natrium Hydroxide Hydrogen
-Reaction move quickly.
-Look bright yellow flame.
-Turns red litmus to blue.

Potassium 2K + 2H 20 2KOH + H2
Potassium water Potassium Hydroxide Hydrogen
-Reaction move virgorously.
-Look brilliant purple flame.
-Turns red litmus to blue.
 Reaction with oxygen
Lithium 4Li + O2 2Li20
Lithium Oxygen Lithium Oxide

-Burn with red flame slowly.

Sodium 4Na + O2 2Na20

Sodium Oxygen Sodium Oxide

-Burn with bright yellow quickly and clear.

Potassium 4K + O2 2K20
Potassium Oxygen Potassium Oxide

-Burn very vigorously with brilliant purple flame.

 Reaction with chlorine
Lithium 2Li + Cl2 2LiCl
Lithium Chlorine Lithium Chloride

-Burn slowly in red flame.

-Produce white solid.

Sodium 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride
-Burn quickly with a bright yellow flame.
-Produce white solid.

Potassium
2K + Cl2 2KCl
Potassium Chlorine Potassium Chloride

-Burn vigorously with a brilliant purple flame.

-Produces a white solid .
3. Lithium, sodium and potassium which are
Group 1 elements:

• Have only one electron valence in the outer shell.

• So,they have the same chemical reaction.
B) Physical and chemical properties
of other element in group 1
So, the Group 1 elements are:

1) Soft metals

2) The hardness, melting point

and boiling point decreases
when going down the group.

3) The density of group 1

elements increases when
going down the group.
C) Safety precautions when handling
Group 1 elements
 Conclusion
• The group 1 elements can reacts with water,chlorine and oxygen.

• Group 1 elements have the same chemical properties because they

have one electron valence in outer shell.

• We must carefully when handling Group 1 elements because they

are very reactive metals.

• For additional references:

http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm
http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/