There is a man collecting The men are working in the

the oil palm fruits paddy field.

The woman is putting the The women are arranging

bottles into a box. the boxes on the shelves.

There is a mouse eating The cat caught some mice.

under the coconut tree.
- Countable nouns can be in the form
of singular and plural.

-A plural noun refers to more than

one, or many.
a) Singular nouns show one thing of :
* a person * an animal
* a place * a thing
b) We put the articles ‘a’ or ‘an’ before singular countable
nouns.
c) ‘A’ is put before any word that begins with a consonant.

Examples :
1) My brother is a careless man.
2) We cross the river using a canoe.
a) Plural nouns show two or more things of :
* a person * an animal
* a place * a thing
b) Plural nouns are divided into 2 groups
1) regular plurals
2) irregular plurals

Examples :
1) We are good friends.
2) They are Mr. Lee’s children.
 CHANGING SINGULAR
TO
PLURAL NOUNS

There are certain rules

need to be followed when
we are changing singular
noun to plural noun
 Rule No. 1
Adding ‘s’ to the singular form in order to
1 make them plural
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Cottage Cottages Girl Girls
Year Years Singer Singers
Month Months Pilot Pilots
Day Days Peacock Peacocks
Noun Nouns Carrot Carrots
Song Songs Instrument Instruments
Street Streets Canoe Canoes
Paper Papers Office Offices
Ruler Rulers Bank Banks
 Rule No. 2

Adding -‘es’ to nouns that end with ‘s’,

2 ‘sh’, ‘ch’ and ‘x’.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Abacus Abacuses Sandwich Sandwiches
Dress Dresses Crutch Crutches
Bus Buses Watch Watches
Octopus Octopuses Coach Coaches
Fish Fishes Tax Taxes
Wish Wishes Fox Foxes
Bush Bushes Box Boxes
Class Classes Glass Glasses
Church Churches Sash Sashes
 Rule No. 3

If the noun ends in ‘o’ and there is a

3 consonant before the
‘o’, the plural is usually formed by adding ‘s’
to the singular.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Motto Mottos Banjo Banjos
Kimono Kimonos Halo Halos
Piano Pianos Zero Zeros
Solo Solos Dynamo Dynamos
Video Videos Radio Radios
Photo Photos Kangaroo Kangaroos
 Rule No. 4

For some nouns, that end with ‘o’, we add

4
‘es’ to make them plural.

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Cargo Cargoes Buffalo Buffaloes
Echo Echoes Mango Mangoes
Hero Heroes Volcano Volcanoes
Tomato Tomatoes Potato Potatoes
 Rule No. 5
If the noun ends in ‘y’ and there is a consonant
5 before the ‘y’, the plural is usually formed by
changing ‘y’ to ‘i’ and add ’es’.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Story Stories Scenery Sceneries
Butterfly Butterflies Lady Ladies
Diary Diaries City Cities
Candy Candies Aunty Aunties
Lorry Lorries Factory Factories
Baby Babies Party Parties
Army Armies Gallery Galleries
Country Countries Injury Injuries
 Rule No. 6

If the noun ends in ‘y’ and there is a

6 vowel before the ‘y’, the plural is usually
formed by changing ‘s’ to the singular.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Day Days Valley Valleys
Donkey Donkeys Toy Toys
Monkey Monkeys Guy Guys
Key Keys Play Plays
Boy Boys Way Ways
7 Changing ‘f’ , ‘fe’, to ‘ves’

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Elf Elves Calf Calves
Knife Knives Loaf Loaves
Hoof Hooves Wolf Wolves
Leaf Leaves Wife Wives
Life lives Thief Thieves
 Rule No. 8

8 Adding ‘s’ to nouns ending with ‘f’ and ‘fe’

Singular Plural Singular Plural

Lift Lifts Beef Beefs
Roof Roofs Café Cafes
Chief Chiefs Dwarf Dwarfs
Rule No. 8
Rule No. 8
Rule No. 8