INTEGRATED

PROCESSORS
By
Pyla Naveen Kumar
M00326029,
Kaif Jamal Gilani
M00325263
 CONTENT
• Over View
• Design
• Moor’s law
• Performance
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Motorola ColdFire
• Integrated Operating System
 Integrated Processor

• Definition: An integrated processor is composed

of two or more independent processors activities.
One can describe it as an integrated circuit which
has two or more individual processors.
• Each processor has it’s own complete set of
resources, and may share the on-die cache layers.
• Other integration: memory controllers, high-speed
serial links, etc.
Integrated processors Design
 Multi-core architecture
Replicate multiple processor cores on single die

Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4

Register file Register file Register file Register file
A A A A
L L L L
U U U U

Bus interface
Multi-core CPU chip
 Why Using integrated Processor

• Drawbacks of traditionAL
Processors
 Difficult to make single-core clock frequencies even
higher.
 Many new applications are multithreaded
 Deeply pipelined circuits :
Heat problems
Speed of light problems
Difficult design and verification
Large design teams necessary
Server farms need expensive air-conditioning
 Single-core CPU Chip

CPU chip
register file
A The single core
L
U System bus

bus interface
 MOORE’S LAW
Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of
computing hardware. 
The number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively
on an integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two
years.
he trend has continued for more than half a century and is
not expected to stop until 2015 or later.

"Thenumber of transistors and resistors on a chip doubles every

18 months."
Speed vs. Performance
Processors overview
 Perfoemance enhancement techniques

• Functional units
Superscalar is known territory. Diminishing returns
for adding more functional blocks. Single-threaded
architectural performance is pegged.

• Data paths
Increasing bandwidth between functional units in a
core makes a difference. Such as comprehensive 64-
bit design.
• Pipeline
Deeper pipeline buys frequency at expense of
increased cache miss penalty and lower instructions
per clock. Shallow pipeline gives better instructions
per clock at the expense of frequency scaling. Max.
frequency per core requires deeper pipelines

• Cache
Cache size buys performance at expense of die size.
Deep pipeline cache miss penalties are reduced by
larger caches.
 Advantages of
Integrated Processor

• Increased computing Capabilities

• Higher Performance
• The digital home & Business
• Quality software development
Performance
 Disadvantages or Limitations

• Adjustments to the existing software

• Thermal management
 MOTOROLA COLDFIRE

In the Year 1994, the innovative ColdFire

Microprocessor Family was added to 68K
Motorola Family tree. 

The variable-length RISC ColdFire architecture.

Product Development Strategy

ColdFire architecture is of two fold

- customer-specific products

- standard products
ColdFire Architecture
V1 ColdFire

Brings 8-bit Ease of Use to 32-bit Performance

The V1 core is an ideal entry point to 32-bit

performance. All ColdFire cores (V1, V2, V3 and
V4) share the same architecture and instruction
set, making upward compatibility to
otherColdFire cores a smooth roadmap to higher
performance designs.
V2 ColdFire

Opening the door to 32-bit control.

The ColdFire® V2 core is based on a memory-

configurable hierarchical architecture that is 100
percent synthesizable.
V3 ColdFire

Single-Issue + Pipelined Local Bus

These improvements allow the core to provide up

to 300% more performance than the ColdFire 2
V4 ColdFire

Limited Superscalar

It has improved architecture for higher

performance.
 The ColdFire Advantage -
Scalability
•All cores are 100% fully synthesizable
•Configurable
•Generic local-memory controllers support a range of
sizes
•Choose size using compiled memory arrays
•Hierarchical architecture
•Multiple buses provide layers of bandwidth +
modularity
•Standard internal bus structure provides simple
interface
•Design-for-Test -- BIST (Built in Self Test) test
methodology for memories
What is an Integrated Operating System ?

An Integrated Operating System identifies

characteristics arranged in four categories :-
Data Issues
Application Issues
Presentation Issues, and
Operational Issues
Data Issues

Common Data Model

Common Definitions

Universal Availability

Common Data Dictionary

Application Issues

Derived Values Transfer between Modules

Consistent Customization Tools and techniques

Code shared among Modules

Shared Business rules

Presentation Issues

Consistent Headings on Screens and Reports

Consistent Navigation

Single Authentication
Operational Issues

Single Security and Rights Administration

Common Job Scheduling

Common set of
Hardware/Software/Communications
References :-
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2004
MOTOROLA THAWS COLDFIRE V4 Integrated
CF5407 Chip Beats Award-Winning CF5307 By
Tom R. Halfhill {5/15/00-01}
Thank you