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pH ( Sorenson introduces )
paCO2
paO2
Oxygen Saturation
Base Excess
Bicarbonate
CALCULATION OF FREE H+ IONS
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
COMPENSATORY MECHANISM
Buffer System
Respiratory Mechanism
hyperventilation
hypoventilation
Renal Mechanism
formation of acids
formation of ammonium
HOW TO DIAGNOSE ACID BASE DISORDER
STEPS
Increased ventillation
Peripheral arterial vasodilation
Pulmonary Oedema
CNS depression with headache,Lethargy,Stupor
Glucose intolerance
HIGH ANION GAP ACIDOSIS
ASSESSMENT
Circulatory insufficiency
Severe anemia
Malignancies
Thiamine deficiency
Infections
Drugs or toxins
Infarction
Metabolic Alkalosis
CAUSES
Exogenous HCO3- loads
Gastrointestinal Origin
Renal origin
Mental confusion
Seizures
Paresthesia
Muscular cramping
Tetany
Arrhythmias
Hypoxemia
Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Respiratory Acidosis
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Hypoxemia
Dyspnoea
Confusion
Psychosis
Hallucinations
Loss of Memory
Personality changes
Mental confusion
Seizures
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Hypokalemia
Paresthesia
Laboratory Profile
paCO
Imbalance pH HCO3 K+ Ca2+ Cl-
2
Metabolic Acidosis ˅ ˅ ˅ ˄ N ˄
or
N
Respiratory Acidosis ˅ ˄ ˄ ˄ N ˄˅
Metabolic Alkalosis ˄ ˄ ˄ ˅ ˅ ˅
Respiratory Alkalosis ˄ ˅ ˅˅ ˅ ˅ ˄
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Assessment