AVIATION HISTORY

Lecture 12 : Space Exploration

By: Zuliana Ismail, 2010

Space exploration is the use of
astronomy and space
technology to explore outer
space
Space Exploration

• The exploration of space began , with the

launch of the first artificial satellite,
Sputnik 1, which the Soviets sent into
orbit in 1957.

• Globally, 43 countries now have their own

observing or communication satellites in
Earth orbit.
 First Human go to Space

 Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin

became the first human in
space in 1961. Valentina Tereshkova

 On July 20, 1969, Astronaut

Neil Armstrong took “a giant
step for mankind” as he stepped
onto the moon.
What is Satellites??
What is satellites
 Satellites are made by scientists and technologists to
go around the earth (orbiting) and do certain jobs.
 Satellites have many applications including
communications, weather observations and
military uses.
 All satellites use microwaves for sending information.
 These waves travel at the speed of light and are able
to pass through the Earth’s atmosphere.
 On Earth we can receive satellite data through
ground station
 How go to outer space

A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep

its self flying.
How Does a Satellite Get Into
Space?
 A satellite is launched or sent to the space by
using the rocket.
 Satellites are launched from the places near the
ocean, so that when the first rocket stage falls
away, it lands in the water and not on people.
 Examples of places to launch rocket in the world
are: Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French
Guiana; Xichang, China, and Baikonur, Kazakstan.
How Does a Satellite Get Into
Space?
 When a satellite is launched, it is placed in orbit
around the earth.
 The earth’s gravity holds the satellite in a certain
path as it goes around the earth.
 Once in the orbit, satellite can start sending and
receiving signals.
 Malaysia’s Satellites

Malaysia-East Asia Satellite

RazakSAT® satellite
(MEASAT) system.

Satellite’s Ground
Station
Access to space is very
expensive.
Why go there?
 Telecommunications

Earth ‘s Satellite’s
Observation Navigation
Applications
Satellites Telecommunications
 Communications via satellite allows high-speed transmission
for telephony, TV and internet around the world.
 Satellites provide a clear data transformation.
 In principle, satellites enable a simpler system, without
cables, to provide a vital link everywhere.
Earth’s Observation Satellites

 Earth observations satellites is in a wide range of

applications.
 This satellite take very accurate pictures of the
earth’s surface, sending back images that tell
scientists about changes that are going on
around the world in such areas as agriculture,
water pollution, disaster and meteorology.
 Meteorological satellites can forecast weather
and earlier weather info could be used to ensure
the safety of flight or people in ground.
Navigation Satellites

 GPS-Global Positioning System.

 GPS satellites can navigate us at anytime, any
weather & anywhere on the Earth.
 Used by car, aircraft and personal uses to know
the direction.
 It is now almost impossible to get lost if you have
the right equipments like GPS
Research in Space

International Space Station(ISS)

 Many of scientific experiments can’t be done in Earth due to
presence of gravity.
 However, those experiments can be done more effectively in space.
 This is due to zero-gravity environment in Space.
International Space Station
 ISS is the largest and most complex international scientific
project in history.
 Led by the United States, the International Space Station
draws upon the scientific and technological resources of 16
nations: Canada, Japan, Russia, 11 nations of the European
Space Agency and Brazil.
 The ISS provides a platform to conduct experiments that
require one or more of the unusual conditions present on
the station.
 The primary fields of research include human research,
space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy
and meteorology
Space Researches Benefits

 Researches and technologies about space

exploration are very important for humanity.
 Research done is space contribute to improving
national security, the economy, productivity and
lifestyle.
 Since 1976, more than 30,000 applications of
space technology have been brought down to
earth to enhance our everyday life.
Space Researches Benefits

1. Technology - space program technology has resulted in

more than 1,500 commercial products, including
satellite radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone
technology, and GPS navigation.

2. Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps,

cancer detection devices, eye surgery, and numerous
other medical and safety devices and improvements
trace their origins to space technology.
Pharmaceuticals
MRI technology (brain produced in space
scanners) in hospitals with zero gravity have
worldwide came from purities far higher than
technology developed in any produced on
space Earth
Space Researches Benefits

3. Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have

also benefited from the space exploration. The
astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic
parts that could only be produced in the space during
their experiments in the space stations and space
shuttles.

4. Environmental: Clean & Safe Water. Water-purification

technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is now
employed in several applications to kill bacteria, viruses,
and algae in community water-supply systems.