Writing Problem and Hypothesis

Statements for Engineering Research(49)

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Setting of work proposal :
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Work problem :
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Quantitative specification of problem :

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Importance of problem :
,
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Project need : ,
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Work objective : ?
Methodology to achieve objective
: ?
Anticipated results :
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Contribution to field :
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()
Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a highly
feasible alternative for portable energy supply owing to its
high power density, efficient start up time, and liquid fuel
fed mechanism. However, the
development of DMFC is limited mainly by the slow kinetics
of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), i.e. a series of
proton stripping processes that ultimately leave carbon
monoxide adherent to a catalyst (normally platinum), a
phenomenon known as catalyst poisoning. Among the
many approaches developed to facilitate MOR include
adding Ruthenium as a second alloy and Ruthenium oxide.
Unfortunately, the effect is limited and Ru is relatively
expensive. (NOTE : Add 2 more sentences that describe
characteristics of the problem or statistics that reflect its
severity)
()
As is generally assumed, the hole-
electron pairs ejected from TiO2 under UV illumination
participate in the degradation o nearby organics. Additionally, Pt
can function as a sink of electrons to prevent the recombination
of hole- electron pairs, facilitating the release of additional holes
involved in organic degradation. Despite a recent finding that Pt-
TiO2 facilitates the above-mentioned degradation of UV induced
organics, high power Hg lamps (over 100 W) are required to
drive Pt-TiO2 photo-electrodes in order to observe a significant
increase in the current in DMFC. The
inability to reduce the excitation power source to a certain order
(~W) makes it impossible to commercialize the photo-
electrochemical fuel cell for portable energy applications.
Therefore, the feasibility of improving the junction
stability of Pt and TiO2 must be investigated to increase
significantly the current under low power UV illumination.
()
Therefore, the feasibility of improving the
junction stability of Pt and TiO2 can be investigated to
increase significantly the current under low power UV
illumination. Achieving a compact Pt and TiO2 junction can
prevent an electron transfer loss from TiO2 to Pt, ultimately
achieving a low power, UV driven DMFC.
To do so, a high junction Pt-TiO2 interface can be formed
using photo assisted reduction. The reducing agent, i.e.
ethanol glycol, can then be introduced to prevent the
residual metal precursor and enhance the purity of reduced
Pt. Next, the coverage of Pt on TiO2 can be determined
based on the precursor concentration, percentage of
reducing agent added, and illumination time.
()
As anticipated, experimental results can
indicate that the current significantly increases, i.e. more
than 10 %, under less than 10W, 254 nm UV illumination.
Importantly, a compact Pt-TiO2 junction can be (achieved
OR formed) via photo-assisted reduction.
Among the several crucial parameters studied can include
precursor concentration, illumination duration, and the
percentage of reducing agent added. Moreover, in the
methanol oxidation test, the current increases by
_________% under 4 W, 254 nm UV illumination more
than that in the dark. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more sentences
that describe more thoroughly how the proposed method
contributes to a particular field or sector)
()
Extensively adopted in the opto-electronics
industry, injection molding technology varies the temperature
and pressure in a polymer-based mold to reduce the number of
shrinkage defects in products. However, the
conventional means of optimizing process parameters is
inaccurate owing to its reliance on the subjective experience of
an operator to eliminate shrinkage defects in products. (NOTE :
Add 3-4 more sentences that describe characteristics of the
problem or statistics that reflect its severity)
For instance, the conventional approach fails to reduce
shrinkage defects in products to less than 2%.
The inability to reduce shrinkage defects in products to
less than 2% makes it impossible to comply with assembly
specifications and increases overhead manufacturing costs.
Therefore, an injection molding method must be
developed, capable of accurately estimating shrinkage defects
during product manufacturing.
()
An injection molding method can be developed,
capable of accurately estimating shrinkage defects during
product manufacturing. To do so, shrinkage of
wafer products can be reduced based on mold shrinkage
compensation. The shrinkage compensation rates for various
materials can then be determined via simulation. Next, design
and manufacturing time can be significantly lowered by using
those compensation rates, which are stored in a database made
available for engineers. As anticipated, the
proposed injection molding method can streamline product
design by decreasing the shrinkage rate of defective products to
less than 2%. Importantly, the proposed method
can ensure pre-compensation of the mold part, ultimately
ensuring high precision in the manufacturing of exterior injection
mold parts. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more sentences that describe
more thoroughly how the proposed method contributes to a
particular field or sector)
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