International Organization FOR Standardization

• ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

federation of national standard bodies.

• The object of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and

related activities in the world with a view to facilitating international
exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the
spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity. 

• The results of ISO technical work are published as International

Standards. It is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized
standard authorities, each one representing one country.
 History
• ISO began in 1926 as the International Federation of the
National Standardizing Associations (ISA).

• This organization focused heavily on mechanical engineering.

It was disbanded in 1942 during the second World War but
was re-organized under the current name, ISO, in 1946.
 Members
• ISO has 163 national members out of the 203 total countries in
the world.

• ISO has three membership categories:

 Member bodies are national bodies that are considered to be the most
representative standard body in each country. These are the only members
of ISO that have voting rights.
 Correspondent members are countries that do not have their own standard
organization. These members are informed about ISO's work, but do not
participate in standards promulgation.
 Subscriber members are countries with small economies. They pay
reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.
 FOUR CORE STANDARDS
The family of ISO 9000 standards
have been developed by ISO and it is
made up of four core standards:

• ISO   9000:2000  –  Fundamentals

and Vocabulary
• ISO   9001:2000   – Quality
Management Systems – Requirements
• ISO 9004:2000 – Quality
Management Systems – Guidelines
for performance improvements
• ISO 19011: 2002 – Guidelines for
quality and/or environmental
management systems auditing
 Benefits of ISO 9000
There has been so much written about the benefits of having ISO-9000 registration, a few are as
follows 
1. ISO-9000 forces an organization to focus on "how they do business". Each procedure and
work instruction must be documented and thus, becomes the springboard for Continuous
Improvement.
2. Documented processes are the basis for repetition and help eliminate variation within the
process. As variation is eliminated, efficiency improves. As efficiency improves, the cost of
quality is reduced.
3. Employee morale is increased as they are asked to take control of their processes and
document their work processes.
4. Customer satisfaction, and more importantly customer loyalty, grows. As a company
transforms from a reactive organization to a pro-active, preventative organization, it becomes
a company people want to do business with.
5. Reduced problems resulting from increased employee participation, involvement, awareness
and systematic employee training.
6. Better products and services result from Continuous Improvement processes.
7. Fosters the understanding that quality, in and of itself, is not limited to a quality department
but is everyone's responsibility.
8. Improved profit levels result as productivity improves and rework costs are reduced.
9. Improved communications both internally and externally which improves quality, efficiency,
on time delivery and customer/supplier relations.
 How ISO 9000 Is Implemented ?
The 14 essential steps, briefly described below, are to be followed through in order to
Implement ISO 9000 quality management system successfully.
 
• Step 1: Top Management commitment
• Step 2: Establish Implementation Team
• Step 3. Start ISO 9000 awareness programs
• Step 4: Provide Training
• Step 5. Conduct Initial Status Survey
• Step 6: Create a Documented Implementation Plan
• Step 7. Develop Quality Management System Documentation
• Step 8: Document Control
• Step 9. Implementation
• Step 10. Internal quality audit
• Step 11. Management review
• Step 12. Pre-assessment audit
• Step 13. Certification and registration
• Step 14: Continual Improvement
 Reasons To Implement ISO
Without satisfied customers,
an organization is in peril! To
keep customers satisfied, the
organization needs to meet
their requirements. The ISO
9001:2008 standard provides a
tried and tested framework for
taking a systematic approach
to managing the organization's
processes so that they
consistently turn out product
that satisfies customers'
expectations.
Here Is A Fish Bone Diagram Which Explains The

Process Flow Of ISO 9000

Example Of An ISO 9000
Certificate
 ISO 14000
• The ISO 14001 is an internationally recognized standard for
the environmental management of businesses. It prescribes
controls for those activities that have an effect on the
environment. These include the use of natural resources,
handling and treatment of waste and energy consumption.
• The ISO 14000 series  family addresses one very crucial
aspects of Social responsibility by any organizationi.ie. 
"Environmental management".  This means what the
organization does is to Minimize harmful effects on the
environment caused by its activities, and to achieve continual
improvement of its environmental performance.
 Environmental Management System
(EMS)
• Environmental Management System
(EMS) is a structure of connected
elements that define how an
organization manages its
environmental impacts. 

• These elements include policies,

organizational structure, procedures,
goals and objectives, and defined
processes. 

• The ISO 14001 regulations can also

be used as a guide to enhance
company's existing environmental
management system according to an
internationally recognized set of
requirements.
 Development of the ISO 14000 series
• The ISO 14000 family includes most notably the ISO 14001
standard, which represents the core set of standards used by
organizations for designing and implementing an effective
environmental management system.

• Other standards included in this series are ISO 14004, which

gives additional guidelines for a good environmental
management system, and more specialized standards dealing
with specific aspects of environmental management.

 
 Adjoining Standards in ISO 14000 family
of standards
• The other standards of ISO 14000 family adopted are exact
replica of ISO 14000 standards. These standards are:
• ISO 14004:1996 – Environmental management systems –
General guidelines on principles, system and supporting
techniques

• ISO 14020:1998 – Environmental labels and declarations –

General principles

• ISO 14021:1999 – Environmental labels and declaration –

Self-declared environmental claims
 Reasons To Seek
ISO 14000
• It is a primary Social responsibility of any organization to
safeguard environment and contribute towards maintaining a
safe and environment friendly process.

• This demonstrates that the organization is committed to

environmental issues and is prepared to work towards
improving the environment.

• It also gives a competitive edge to the company's marketing

and enhances its image in the eyes of customers, employees
and shareholders
 Basic principles and methodology
• The fundamental principle and overall goal of the ISO 14001
standard, is the concept of continual.

• ISO 14001 is based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act methodology;

Environmental Policy, Planning, Implementation & Operation,
Checking & Corrective Action and lastly Management
Review.
 Plan

Act Do

Check
 Why have these standards?

• A set of international standards brings a world-wide focus to

the environment, encouraging a cleaner, safer, healthier world
for us all. The existence of the standards allows organizations
to focus environmental efforts against an internationally
accepted criteria.
 Benefits
• ISO 14001 was developed
primarily to assist companies’ in
reducing their environmental
impact, but in addition to an
improvement in environmental
standards and performance,
organizations can reap a number of
economic benefits
• There are 4 main types of benefits:
• Operational
• Environmental
• Marketing
• Financial
 Operational Benefits
• Efficiency , discipline and operational integration with ISO
9000
• Greater  employee involvement in business operations with a
more motivated workforce
• Helps reduce pollution
• Fewer operation cost
• Reduction of cost associated with emissions , discharges,
waste handling , transport and disposal
• Improvements in product as a result of process changes
• Safer products
 Environmental benefits
• Minimizes hazardous and
non-hazardous waste

• Conserves natural
resources- electricity, gas,
and water with resulted cost
savings

• Prevents pollution and

prevents waste  
 Marketing benefits
• Demonstrates to customers
that the firm has met
environmental expectations
• Delivers profits from
marketing “Green
“products
• Provides a competitive
• marketing tool
• Improves international
competitiveness
 Financial Benefits
• Improves the organization's
relationship with insurance
companies
• Elimination of costs
associated with conformance
to conflicting national
standards
• Process cost savings by
reductions of material and
energy inputs
• Helps reduce liability and risk
• Improves access to capital
 Certification
•Once a business has fully developed and
implemented their ISO 14001 compliant
environmental management system, they
can choose to apply for certification.
•Certification involves evaluation of the
company's EMS system, including a
comprehensive on-site audit, to determine
whether it meets the ISO 14001
requirements.
• If the company conforms to the ISO
standard it is issued with a certificate
which is generally valid for a period of
three years .
•Certification auditors need to be
accredited by the International Registrar
of Certification Auditors.
Example Of An ISO 14000 Certificate