Equipment Room Design

Refrigeration System
Equipment Room Design
The Trane Company

La Crosse, Wisconsin
© American Standard Inc. 1997
ANSI/ASHRAE Standards
 Standard 34-1992 …
“Number Designation And Safety Classification
Of Refrigerants”
 Standard 15-1994 …
“Safety Code For Mechanical Refrigeration”

ANSI/ASHRAE Standards …
Standard 34-1992
 Purpose? To establish a …
 “… simple means of referring to common refrigerants
instead of using the chemical name, formula, or trade
name.”
 “… uniform system for assigning reference numbers
and safety classifications to refrigerants.”
“Number Designation And

Safety Classification Of Refrigerants”
ASHRAE Standard 34-1992 …
Refrigerant Safety Classifications
higher
flammability Group A3 Group B3
lower
no flame
propagation Group A1 Group B1
lower toxicity higher toxicity

Refrigerant/Blend Data
Refrig Qty Per
Occupied Space
Refrigerant Chemical Name Or Normal Lbs/ PPM
Composition (% By Weight) Boiling Safety 1000 By
Methane Series Point Group cu ft Vol
CFC (or R) –11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75°F A1 1.6 4,000
CFC (or R) –12 Dichlorodifluoromethane –22°F A1 12.0 40,000
HCFC (or R) –22 Chlorodifluoromethane –41°F A1 9.4 42,000
Ethane Series
CFC (or R) –113 1,1,2–Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118°F A1 1.9 4,000
HCFC (or R) –123 2,2–Dichloro–1,1,1–Trifluoroethane 81°F B1 0.4 1,000
HFC (or R) –134a 1,1,1,2–Tetrafluoroethane –15°F A1 16.0 60,000
HFC (or R) –152a 1,1–Difluoroethane –13°F A2 1.2 7,000
Azeotropes
R–500 R–12 (73.8) / R–152a (26.2) –27°F A1 12.0 47,000
R–502 R–22 (48.8) / R–115 (51.2) –49°F A1 19.0 65,000

Standard 15-1994
 Purpose?
 “… to specify safe design, construction, installation,
and operation of refrigerating systems.”
 Scope?
 “This code established safeguards for life, limb, health,
and property and prescribes safety standards.”
“Safety Code For

Mechanical Refrigeration”
Standard 15-1994
It applies to …
 “ … mechanical refrigerating systems and
heat pumps used in the occupancies defined
in Section 4 and installed subsequently to
adoption of this code”
“Safety Code For

Standard 15-1994
It also applies to …
 “… parts or components added after adoption
of this code, or a change to a refrigerant of a
different number designation after adoption of
this code”
“Safety Code For

Standard 15-1994
Finally, it applies to …
 “… parts or components replaced after
adoption of this code only if they are not
identical in function”
“Safety Code For

Standard 15-1994
Provides classification criteria for …

 Safety group
 Occupancy type
 Refrigerating system “probability”
“Safety Code For

Standard 15-1994

 Safety group
 Occupancy type
“Safety Code For

Safety Group Classification
 Standard 34’s refrigerant safety classifications
higher
lower
no flame
propagation Group A1 Group B1
lower toxicity higher toxicity

Standard 15-1994

 Safety group
 Occupancy type
“Safety Code For

Occupancy Classification
 Institutional
 Occupants can’t readily leave without help
 Public assembly
 Where large numbers of occupants can’t vacate quickly
 Residential
 Occupants have complete, independent living facilities
 Industrial
 Occupancy is restricted only to authorized personnel
Occupancy Classification
 Commercial
 Occupants transact business, receive personal
services, or purchase food or other goods
 Large mercantile
 Premises where more than 100 people congregate to
purchase personal merchandise
 Mixed
 Two or more occupancies share the same building

Standard 15-1994

 Safety group
 Occupancy type
“Safety Code For

Refrigerating System Probability
System Cooling Air Or Substance
Designation Or Heating Source To Be Cooled, Heated
High Probability Direct
Indirect
Open Spray
Double Indirect
Open Spray
Low Probability
Indirect
Closed
Indirect
Vented Closed
ASHRAE Standard 15-1994…
Refrigerant Quantity Rules
Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification
Public Assembly,
Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,
Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial
A1 High 2 1 3
Low 4 4 4
A2 High 5 5 3
Low 7 7 7
A3 High 9 9 3
Low 9 9 7
B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3
Low 4 4 4
B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3
Low 7 7 7
B3 High 9 9 3
Low 9 9 7
Applicable Rules By Occupancy Classification
Public Assembly,
Refrigerant System Residential, Commercial,
Group Probability Institutional Large Mercantile Industrial
A1 High 2 1 3
Low 4 4 4
A2 High 5 5 3
Low 7 7 7
A3 High 9 9 3
Low 9 9 7
B1 High 2, 6 1, 6 3
Low 4 4 4
B2 High 5, 6 5, 6 3
Low 7 7 7
B3 High 9 9 3
Low 9 9 7
Rule 4 …
 “When the quantity of refrigerant in any
system exceeds Table 1 amounts, all
refrigerant-containing parts, except piping and
those parts outside the building, shall be
installed in a machinery room constructed in
accordance with the provisions of 8.13.”

Refrigerant Safety Classifications
Refrig Qty Per
Occupied Space
Refrigerant Chemical Name Or Normal lbs/ PPM
Composition (% By Weight) Boiling Safety 1000 By
Methane Series Point Group cu ft Vol
CFC (or R) –11 Trichlorofluoromethane 75°F A1 1.6 4,000
CFC (or R) –12 Dichlorodifluoromethane –22°F A1 12.0 40,000
HCFC (or R) –22 Chlorodifluoromethane –41°F A1 9.4 42,000
Ethane Series
CFC (or R) –113 1,1,2–Trichlorotrifluoroethane 118°F A1 1.9 4,000
HCFC (or R) –123 2,2–Dichloro–1,1,1–Trifluoroethane 81°F B1 0.4 1,000
HFC (or R) –134a 1,1,1,2–Tetrafluoroethane –15°F A1 16.0 60,000
HFC (or R) –152a 1,1–Difluoroethane –13°F A2 1.2 7,000
Azeotropes
R–500 R–12 (73.8) / R–152a (26.2) –27°F A1 12.0 47,000
R–502 R–22 (48.8) / R–115 (51.2) –49°F A1 19.0 65,000

 Ventilation
 Refrigeration system placement
 Doors, passageways and access
 Refrigerant monitoring
 Open-flame devices
 Pressure-relief piping
 General requirements
 Ventilation
equipment room design …
Ventilation
Volume requirements for …

 Natural ventilation
 Mechanical ventilation
 Normal rate
 Alarm rate

Ventilation
 Remote machinery room …
Occupied
Building
More Than
20 Feet
Occupied
Building
Lean-to Or Other
Refrigeration Structure With
System Natural Ventilation

Ventilation
 Natural ventilation
 For refrigerating systems installed “outdoors, more
than 20 ft from [any] building openings …”
F = G0.5
where:
F = free opening area (sq ft)
G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)

Ventilation
 Normal-rate mechanical ventilation
 Needed whenever the equipment room’s occupied
 Requirements:
 0.5 cfm per sq ft OR 20 cfm per person
 Must operate, if necessary for operator comfort, at a volume that limits the temperature rise ( T) to no more than 18°F

Ventilation
 Alarm-rate mechanical ventilation

 Required to exhaust accumulated refrigerant
Q = 100 × G0.5
where:
Q = airflow (cu ft per minute)
G = mass of refrigerant (lbs)

Ventilation
 Suggested exhaust fan location …

Exhaust Fan
6 Feet

Ventilation Exhaust
End View
Airflow
 Dual-purpose
ventilation system …
Plan View
Ventilation
Airflow

 Ventilation
Refrigeration System Placement
 Unobstructed space for inspecting and servicing equipment
 Must comply with applicable safety standards and requirements of the presiding regulatory agency
 Clear head room not less than 7.25 ft below equipment over passageways

Refrigeration System Placement
 Multiple-chiller equipment room layouts …
Refrigeration
Exhaust
Systems
Fan
Air
Inlet
Exhaust
Fan
Air
Inlet Exhaust
Fan
Air Refrigeration
Inlet Systems
Refrigeration
Systems
Exhaust
Fan
Arrangement A Arrangement B
 Ventilation
Doors, Passageways And Access
 Equipment room access limited to authorized

personnel
 Adequate number and type of doors
 No openings to other parts of the building
 No “shared” air-handling systems

 Ventilation
Refrigerant Monitoring
“Detector” must …
 Be appropriately sensitive to the refrigerant(s)
in use
 Activate alarm and ventilation at TLV®–TWA
 “Threshold Limit Value–Time Weighted Average”

Sensor location and placement …

 Height: 18 inches above the floor
 Plan
 Continuous ventilation: Between the refrigeration
system and room exhaust
 Intermittent ventilation: Close to the refrigeration
system, between it and the room entrance

 Typical refrigerant monitor installation …
Roof Or Concrete Floor
Occupied Space Mechanical Equipment Room
Refrigerant
Monitor
Sample-In Tubing
5 Feet
Particle Filter Chiller
12–18 Inches © American Standard Inc. 1997

 Suggested sensor placement for intermittent

ventilation …
Refrigeration Systems
Identifies refrigerant sampling points

 Typical multichannel
scanner application …
Refrigerant Monitor
With Multichannel Option
Pit
Identifies refrigerant sampling points

 Ventilation
Open-Flame Devices
 “No open flames that use combustion air from

the machinery room shall be installed where any
refrigerant is used.”
 Exceptions …
 Combustion air is ducted from outside and sealed to
prevent refrigerant leakage into the combustion chamber
 A refrigerant detector is used to shut down combustion
automatically if a refrigerant leak occurs

 Ventilation
Pressure-Relief Piping
(Alternate Arrangement)
Roof
 Suggested refrigerant Exterior Wall

vent piping … Support this pipe!
Flexible Steel
Connection
Purge Discharge
Vent Line
Rupture Disc
Assembly 15 Feet Above
Ground Level
Drip Leg
(Length As
Needed)
1/4” FL × 1/4” NPT

Drain Valve
 Ventilation
General Requirements
 Signs
 Changing, charging and storing refrigerants
 Self-contained breathing apparatus
 Two required per equipment room
 Emergency shutdown procedure

 General maintenance

®
An American-Standard Company

Equipment Room Design

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Equipment Room Design

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Refrigeration System

Equipment Room Design

The Trane Company

© American Standard Inc. 1997

“Number Designation And

lower toxicity higher toxicity

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

“Safety Code For

“Safety Code For

“Safety Code For

“Safety Code For

Provides classification criteria for …

“Safety Code For

Provides classification criteria for …

“Safety Code For

 Standard 34’s refrigerant safety classifications

lower toxicity higher toxicity

Provides classification criteria for …

“Safety Code For

© American Standard Inc. 1997

Provides classification criteria for …

“Safety Code For

High Probability Direct

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

Volume requirements for …

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Remote machinery room …

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Alarm-rate mechanical ventilation

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Suggested exhaust fan location …

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Multiple-chiller equipment room layouts …

 Equipment room access limited to authorized

© American Standard Inc. 1997

© American Standard Inc. 1997

Sensor location and placement …

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Typical refrigerant monitor installation …

Roof Or Concrete Floor

Occupied Space Mechanical Equipment Room

12–18 Inches © American Standard Inc. 1997

 Suggested sensor placement for intermittent

Identifies refrigerant sampling points

Identifies refrigerant sampling points

 “No open flames that use combustion air from

© American Standard Inc. 1997

 Suggested refrigerant Exterior Wall

1/4” FL × 1/4” NPT

 Emergency shutdown procedure

© American Standard Inc. 1997

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