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after months
Yeast growth may also take place in cosmetic
preparations.¹
Organisms commonly isolated from poorly
preserved water-based products include
Enterobacter,Staphylococcus and Bacillus species,
Pseudomonas,
Gram-negatives are most common and, as they
have very diverse metabolic capabilities, can
survive in a wide range of environments.
A study of shampoo products 60 % of samples
were contaminated with Gram negatives, 22% of
samples of sun care products in use on a beach
contained Candida species.¹
The following parameters have to be considered:
Class of cosmetic product(s) in which the ingredient
is used
Method of application (e.g. rubbed-in, sprayed,
applied and washed off, etc.)
Concentration of ingredient in product
Frequency of application
Total area of skin contact
Site of contact (e.g. mucous membrane, sunburnt
skin);
Duration of contact (e.g. rinse-off products, leave-
on products)
Type of consumers (e.g. children, people with
sensitive skin)²
• Skin irritation
• Skin Sensitization: Cosmetic products are
often used in areas exposed to environment
• Photo Irritation
• Photo Sensitization: For products applied on
the face or scalp
• Eye tolerance¹
Potential pathogens have been found in
cosmetics .The more vulnerable members of
society neonates, the elderly, people with
debilitating diseases or those undergoing
drug therapy
The eye is particularly vulnerable to infection
E.g.
Contamination of talc with Clostridium tetani,
Infection of neonates with P.aeruginosa from
storage
Be free from gross incompatibility
Be effective against a wide range of
microorganism
Be readily soluble at it’s effective conc.
Be without odour or colour
Be able to retain it’s activity in the presence
of metallic salts
Organic acids: Organic acids like benzoic
acids are used as preservatives .compounds
having 9,10 or 11carbon atoms like
monochloroacetic acid and propionic acids
are used as antifungal activity.
Aldehydes: Benzaldehyde and cinnamic