By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

What is automation?
Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to technical
equipment for
• Increasing Productivity
• Increasing Quality
• Reducing Cost
• Increasing Safety in working condition
History of automation

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

PLCs (Programmable
PLCs (Programmable Logic
Logic Controllers)
Controllers)
Programmable logic Controllers, also referred to as Programmable
controllers, are in the computer family. Used in commercial and
industrial applications, PLCs act as controllers for machines and
processes. They monitor Inputs make decisions, and control outputs in
order to automate machines and processes.

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

 Till now we have tried to control by using hardwire and
certain devices (as It was in the case of controlling a
motor under particular conditions as were the fan
running) like relays, contactors .

 This hardwire control is worth for simple application but

not for complex application as told in earlier slides. So
let us start understanding the software control using
PLC.

If we try to personify a PLC then what It actually

does is it keeps an EYE on the operating devices
and DECIDES as per requirement when to
switch ON or switch OFF certain other
operating devices.
By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva
 Block Diagram

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Advantages of PLCs

• Reduced space
• Energy saving
• Ease of maintenance
• Economical
• Greater life & reliability
• Tremendous flexibility
• Shorter project time
• Easier storage, archiving and documentation

Programming Languages in PLCs

Ladder Logic ( LAD/LD )

Structured Text ( ST)
Instruction List ( IL )
Sequential Function Chart ( SFC )
Function Block Diagram ( FBD )

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Component required

1. IC1-IC2----CD4050 hex buffer

Applications
• CMOS to DTL/TTL Hex Converter
• CMOS Current “Sink” or “Source” Driver
• CMOS High-To-Low Logic Level Converter
2. IC3-IC10----MC2TE optocoupler
3. D1-D12------IN4007 Rectifier diode
4. resistors all(1/4 kwatt):
R1-R8---------1 K-ohm
R9-R24----------47 ohm
R25-R32--------1.5 Kohm
5. Capacitors:
C1-1000 microfarad,63 v electrolytic
6. Miscellaneous:-
X1-230v AC primary to 0-12v AC,
F1-Fuse
RL1-RL8-12V,200-Ohm,relay
25 pin D M/F connector
By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva
By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva
Introduction • void intro();

It is the first screen of the program

It briefs about the program and asks the user wether he

wishes to continue or not.

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Menu • void menu();

This part of the program shows

the menu screen

It displays the list of appliances that can be controlled.

Has a user input to select the appliance and decide the

duration for which it works.

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Choice • void choice();

This part lets you choose

To switch on different appliances for different durations.

To switch on different appliances at particular time for

specific duration.

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Program 1 • void prg1();

Contains coding for

Switching on different appliances for different durations.

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva

Program 2 • void prg2();

Contains coding for

Switching on different appliances at particular time for

specific duration

By Akhil Verma & Mayank Sachdeva