A vision without a plan is just a dream. A plan without a vision is just drudgery. But a vision with a plan can change the world.Introduction Planning refers to the process of deciding what to do and how to do it.PLANNING PRINCIPLES Good planning requires a methodical process that clearly defines the steps that lead to optimal solutions. This process should reflect the following principles: ¥ Comprehensive — all significant options and impacts are considered. Y Efficient — the process should not waste time or money. ¥ Inclusive — people affected by the plan have opportunities to be involved. Y Informative — results are understood by stakeholders (people affected by a decision). ¥ Integrated — individual, short-term decisions should support strategic, long-term goals. Y Logical — each step leads to the next. ¥ Transparent — everybody involved understands how the process operates.Planning Framework A planning framework defines the basic planning process structure. This typically includes the following components. @ Principles — A basic rule or concept used for decision-making, @ Vision — A general description of the desired result of the planning process. @ Problem — An undesirable condition to be mitigated (solved, reduced or compensated). @ Goals — A general desirable condition to be achieved, usually too general to be quantified, such as wealth, health, equity and freedom. @ Objectives — Specific, potentially quantifiable ways to achieve goals, such as increased income and economic activity, reduced crashes, and improved accessibility for non-drivers. @Targets or standards — Quantitative levels of objectives to be achieved, such as a particular increase in income or reduction in crash rates. Standards are sometimes required by law or regulation, such as minimum parking requirements in zoning codes.@Performance indicators — Practical ways to measure progress toward objectives, such as specific definitions of income, crash rates, and accessibility. @Plans — A scheme or set of actions. This may be a strategic (general and broad) oran action (specific and narrow) plan. @Options — Possible ways to achieve an objective or solutions to a problem. @Policies or strategies — A course of action implemented by a jurisdiction or organization. @Programs — A specific set of objectives, responsibilities and tasks within an organization. Tasks or actions — A specific thing to be accomplished. @Scope — The range (area, people, time, activities, etc.) to be included in a process. @Evaluation criteria — The impacts (costs and benefits) considered in an analysis. @Evaluation methodology — The process of valuing and comparing options, such as cost effectiveness, benefit/cost, or lifecycle cost analysis.