Circulatory system of fish, Hematopoiesis

and Lymphatic system

Presented by;

Chandra Bhushana kumar

AAH-04
 Introduction:
• blood pumped by heart passes through the gills and systemic
circulation before returning to the heart.


• hag fish large volume, low blood pressure and the

development of accessory hearts


• lung fishes, Presence of pulmonary circulation and a

partial separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated
blood in the heart transition from an aquatic to an aerial
environment.


• 3% and 8% of a fish's body weight is blood



• hagfish and lampreys between 8% and 20% of the animal's

body weight.
 HEART
• systemic or branchial heart of fishes is the main propulsive
organ
• Heart consists of four chambers
•
 Components of heart:
• Sinus venosus
• first chamber, Collecting chamber
•
 Cont..
• Atrium:

 From the sinus venosus the blood flows into the atrium.

 The atrium is the largest of the chambers and only weakly
muscular.
 It pushes the blood, withweak contractions in the ventricle
•
• Ventricle:

 The ventricle is the only well muscled chamber, nearly as
large as the atrium it is the work horse of the heart, its
contractions drive the blood around the body.



 Cont..
• Bulbus arteriosus or cornus
arteriosus


• the cornus arteriosus  of sharks and rays contains many

valves while bulbus arteriosus of bony fish contains none.
•
•
• Both are alike in being primarily elastic and work to reduce
the pulsed nature of the blood leaving the ventricle
giving it a more even, constant flow.

A diagrammatic representation of the main
vein and arteries
 Ac: Caudal artery, Ln: Neural lymphatic duct, O: Oval vascular system, R: Renal
vascular system, Sp: Spinal vascular system, U: Urinary bladder vascular system,
Vc: Caudal vein, Vpr: Renal portal vein
 Routes of Blood Flow
 H ead Tru n k m u scle s
common Carotid

 Dorsal aorta
C h o rio d g la n d


 Pse u d o b ra n ch subclavian
coeliacomesentric
 artery artery
 kid n e y
Pe cto ra lg ird le G u t, S p le e n

G ill S w im b la d d e r
 coronary
 o
 r live r
Hepatic
 d ventral
portal
 I aorta branchial vein hepatic
renal
 n vein
vein
 a
 Blood Pressure In Arteries And Veins

• Contraction of the heart serve to convert chemical energy

into mechanical energy in the form of pressure and flow
•
• The hydraulic resistance to flow is inversely proportional to
the fourth power of the radius of a blood vessel
•
• In general, arterial blood pressure appear to be in lower in
elasmobranches than in teleost
•
• The pulse pressure in the ventral aorta of fish is between 10
and 30 mm hg, increasing to a values as high as 40mm
Hg during hypoxia.
 General properties:

 Cardiac output;
• Recorded value of cardiac output in teleost according to
comparison variable, ranging from 5 to 100 ml/kg/min.


 Blood volume


• Agnatha have very large blood volumes and excess of any

other fish.
• Chondrichthyes is about 6.6% body weight while both marine
and fresh water species is approximately 3% of body
weight.



 Effect of some substances on
circulatory system
Acetylcholine


• Increases the vascular resistance to flow through the gills

of teleosts directing blood away from the second lamellae


Atropine


• Increases heart rate in both elasmobranchs and teleost



Catecholamines


• The direct effect of catecholamine on the heart is

stimulatory


Reserpine
. It deplete stored catecholamine both in lamprey and hagfish

heart.
 Cont..
 Histamine
• vasoconstriction in the perfused gills of pike and a fall in
blood pressure in the ventral aorta of the eel according
to Mott,(1957) but according to Chan (1967) having no
effect
 Renin and angiotensin
 rennin
• angiotensinl Angiotensin ll, (potent
vasoconstrictor in


mammals )
 Oxcytocin and Vasopressin
• These neurohypophysial hormones cause a prolonged and marked
rise in ventral aortic blood pressure


 Urophysial excracts
• Mugil urophysial extracts increases ventral and dorsal
aortic blood pressure when injected into the eel

 HEMATOPOIESIS


• The stem cells that form blood and immune cells are known
as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).


• Requirement for constant maintenance and immune protection



• In teleost no lymph nodes and their bones usually have no

madullary cavity.


• hemopoietic tissue is locate in stroma of the

spleen,interstitium of the kidney.


• Lesser extent it is found in periportal area of the liver,

specialized lymphoid organ thymus.



 Cont..


• Anterior or head kidney stroma of reticuloendothelial

tissue found similar to bone marrow of mammal
•
• Stromal cell providing hematopoietic microenvironment
•
• Melanomacrophage centre


• Monophyletic theory : a single type of stem cell gives rise to

all the mature blood cells in the body. This stem cell is called
the pluripotential ( pluripotent ) stem cell .

 The Lymphatic System 
• Water and plasma are forced from the capillaries into
intracellular spaces



 Cont..
•
•
•
• protective role by filtering off lymph in the lymph nodes


• all lymphatic vessels are very thin-walled.



• In fish, amphibians, and reptiles, these vessels form thin-

walled dilations called lymphatic sinuses (for example ,
the subcutaneous sinuses of the frog).
•
 Cont..
• lymph hearts
•
•
• Lymph, a colorless fluid whose composition is similar to
that of blood except that it does not contain red blood
cells or platelets, contains less protein
•
•
• transports nutrients to the cells and collects waste
products. Most of the lymph returns to the venous
capillaries

• The fluid that flows through the lymphatic system is functionally
important
•


• In a disease state, therefore, the lymph nodes may become filled

with harmful material to the degree where they can be seen or
felt; therefore, enlarged lymph nodes are of diagnostic
importance.

Reference:


• Introduction to fish physiology; by David H.Evans, James B.

Claiborne
•
• Fish physiology, vol-(iv); by Hoar & Randall
•
• Fish pathology, 3rd edition; by Ronald j. Roberts
•
• www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/biobookcircsys.html
•
• www.helium.com/items/319625-immune-system-in-fish-explained
•
• The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia® Copyright © 2007, Columbia
University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights
reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/
•
• from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979)
 

•
Thank u