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Equipped By :
Luqman Bin Jamil
Adnan Shah
What is the GPS?
Orbiting navigational satellites
Transmit position and time data
Handheld receivers calculate
latitude
longitude
altitude
velocity
What is the Global Positioning
System?
Department of Defense developed, worldwide,
satellite-based radio navigation system
Consists of 24 operational satellites
Provides specially coded satellite signals that can
be processed in a GPS receiver, enabling the
receiver to compute position, velocity and time
Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute
positions in three dimensions and the time offset
in the receiver clock
History of the GPS
1969—Defense Navigation Satellite
System (DNSS) formed
1973—NAVSTAR Global Positioning
System developed
1978—first 4 satellites
launched
Delta rocket launch
History of the GPS
1993—24th satellite
launched;(21 active, 3
spare) initial
operational capability
1995—full operational
capability
May 2000—Military
accuracy available to
all users
Satellites
Each GPS satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
Each satellite transmits signals to Earth
GPS receivers measure the time between when
satellites sent a signal relative to the GPS
receiver receiving the signal
Tells how far away the satellite is
Signals from several satellites will give accurate
results
Component of the System
Space segment
24 satellite vehicles
Six orbital planes
Inclined 55o with respect
to equator
Orbits separated by 60o
20,200 km elevation above
Earth
Orbital period of 11 hr 55
min
Five to eight satellites
visible from any point on
Earth
Block I Satellite Vehicle
Where are the 24 GPS satellites?
The 24 GPS satellites (21 active, 3
spare) are in orbit at 10,600 miles
above the earth. The satellites are
spaced so that from any point on
earth, four satellites will be above
the horizon. Each satellite contains
a computer, an atomic clock, and a
radio. With an understanding of its
own orbit and the clock, the
satellite continually broadcasts its
changing position and time On the
ground, any GPS receiver contains
a computer that "triangulates" its
own position by getting bearings
from three of the four satellites.
The result is provided in the form of
a geographic position - longitude
and latitude - to, for most receivers,
within a few meters
Three Segments of the GPS
Space Segment
User Segment
Control Segment
Ground
Antennas
Master Station Monitor Stations
Four Basic Functions of GPS