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A bus is a data communications connection between two or more
communicating devices.

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1. Electrical Power.
2. Control Signals.
3. Memory Address.
4. Data.

Buses that work in sync with CPU and system clock are called the 

.
Buses that work asynchronously with the CPU are called the 


.
 ° 

°ntroduced by °BM, °SA or ° 



 was originally
an 8-bit bus that was later expanded to a 16-bit bus in 1984. When this BUS
was originally released it was a proprietary BUS, which allowed only °BM to
create peripherals and the actual interface. However in the early 1980's other
manufacturers were creating the bus.

8-bit 16-bit
 ° 

@ used in the first 4.77-MHz PCs introduced in 1982.
@ 62 - Pin Bus.
@ 8 Data Lines (allowing for 8 bits of data to be transferred at a time).
@ 20 address lines (1 Mbytes of addressing ).
 ° 


@ 8.33-MHz Bus introduced in 1984.

@ 62 + 36 - Pin Bus.
@ Eight more data lines (allowing for 16-bit data transfers).
@ our more address lines (allowing 16 Mbytes of addressing).

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ÿ „he 32-bit bus. °ntroduced in 1987.

ÿ °t runs at 10 MHz.
ÿ „he theoretical maximum data transfer rate is 40
Mbytes/s.
ÿMCA bus support the plug and play capability
ÿ„he MCA bus supported bus mastering adapters
for greater efficiency
ÿ support for video and audio.
 ° 
° 




 ° 

 

, E°SA was announced September
of 1988.

ÿ Developed by the "Gang of Nine" (nine non-°BM manufacturers of °BM-

compatible PCs, led by Compaq)

ÿ„hese competitors were AS„ esearch, Compaq, Epson, Hewlett Packard,

NEC, Olivetti, „andy, WYSE, and Zenith Data Systems.

ÿ„he E°SA Bus provided 32-bit slots at an 8.33 MHz cycle rate for the use
with 386DX, or higher processors.

ÿMain advantage is this that the E°SA can accommodate a 16-bit °SA card in
the first row. Unfortunately, while the E°SA bus is backwards compatible and
is not a proprietary bus the E°SA bus never became widely used and is no
longer found in computers today.

ÿ„he theoretical maximum transfer speed is 33 Mbytes/s.

 ° 
° 



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Œ

 






ÿ °ntroduced in 1992 as a Standard for 32-Bit Local Buses

ÿ °t runs at 33 MHz
ÿ °t uses a 32 Bit Expansion slot
ÿAvailable only for 486 processors
ÿ Has been replaced by the PC°, AGP buses
ÿ „he VL-Bus is a 32-bit bus that supports bus mastering and runs at speeds
up to 40MHz
ÿ128MBps to 132MBps maximum throughput
 Y°

 
Y°

ÿ°ntroduced by °ntel in 1992, revised in 1993 to version 2.0, and later revised
in 1995 to PC° 2.1. „he PC° bus is the most commonly used and found bus in
computers today.
ÿ 32 or 64-bit wide bus implementations.
ÿ °t uns at 33 MHz. Newer versions un at 66 MHz.
ÿ Maximum „heoretical transfer rate is 264 Mbytes/s.
ÿ Designed to support °SA and E°SA buses.
ÿ °t interfaces the expansion bus and the memory bus.
Y°
Y°
is a high performance bus that is designed to meet the increased
I/O demands of technologies such as Fiber Channel, Gigabit Ethernet
and Ultra3 SCSI. PCI-X capabilities include:

ÿ Up to 133 MHz bus speed, 64-Bit bandwidth, 1GB/sec throughput

ÿ Backwards compatibility

V


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ÿ„he AGP bus is 32 bits wide, just the same as PC° is, but instead of
running at half of the system (memory) bus speed the way PC° does, it runs
at full bus speed

ÿPeak bandwidth is four-times higher than the PC° bus thanks to

pipelining, sideband addressing, and data transfers that occur on both
rising and falling edges of the clock.

ÿDesigned to provide fast access to video. Has replaced VESA & PC°
Buses for Video output.
 



 

 


Allows 2 speeds 1.5 Mbit/s and 12 Mbit/s.
eplacing the slow serial and parallel ports.
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Data Speeds as high as 400 Mbit/s.
eplacing the High speed, High volume peripheral devices like network cards,
DVD etc.