TRANSFORMER
                                    

Name:Parveen Kumar
Class: B-Tech(h)IT-MBA
Reg.No.: 7470070005
 INTRODUCTION

The transformer principle was demonstrated

in 1831 by Michael Faraday,
Transformer is a static device which transfer
A.C. Electrical power from one circuit to
another at the same frequency but the
voltage level changed.
 CLASIFICATION

 Step-up
 Step-down
 STEP-UP
The output voltage of secondary winding is
greater than primary winding i.e. V2>V1.
 STEP-DOWN
When the voltage of primary winding is
greater than voltage of secondary winding
i.e. V1>V2.
STEP-UP AND STEP-DOWN
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The basic principle of transformer is Electro magnetic induction.

A simple form of Transformer is shown in fig. Simply it consist of two
separate Windings placed over the laminated silicon core. the
winding to which A.C. supply connected is called primary winding
and the winding to which Load is connected is called Secondary
winding.
 CONSTRUCTION
The main element of a Transformer are two coils
and a laminated core.
Transformer is constructed by Two types.

1. Core-type

1. Shell-type
 CORE-TYPE
In core-type the magnetic core is built up of
lamination to form a rectangular frame.
The laminations are cut in the form of L-
shaped. core-type provides better
insulation between the primary and
secondary because of its inherent two
windings.
 SHELL-TYPE
In this type of transformer, laminations are
cut in the form of long strips of E and I
shaped. Shell type transformer is used in
transmission of multiple high and low
voltages
 AN IDEAL TRANSFORMER
An ideal Transformer has no
resistance and no magnetic leakage flux.
Hence transformer has no copper losses and
core losses.
In ideal transformer there is no power loss,
therefore, output must be equal to input.
 TRANSFORMER ON D.C.
A transformer can not work on D.C. supply.
If a rated D.C. voltage is applied across the primary
a flux of the constant magnitude will be set up in
the core. Hence there will not be any self induced
e.m.f. in the primary winding to oppose the applied
voltage. The Resistance of primary winding is very
low and the primary current will be quit high. This
it will produce lot of heat loss and burns the
insulation of the primary winding and get the
transformer will be damaged.
 EFFICIENCY OF A
TRANSFORMER
The efficiency of transformer is defined as the ratio of output
power to the input power, it is measured in watt or in kilowatt.
The efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when copper
(or variable) losses are equal to iron (or constant) losses. i.e.
Copper losses = Iron losses
 LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER
The losses which occur in an actual
transformer are:
1. Core or iron losses
2. Copper loss