Vertebrates

Fishes

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals
Fishes

A. Jawless Fish
B. Cartilage Fish
C. Bony Fish
A. Jawless Fish

1. Agnathans
2. No jaws
3. Smooth scale-less skin
4. Cylindrical body
5. Parasitic_
6. Examples:
a. lamprey_
6. Examples:
a. lamprey_
b. hagfish_
B. Cartilage Fish

1. Chondrichthyes
2. Hinged jaw
3. Paired fins_
4. Lateral line- detects
movement in water
5. Kidneys- remove waste and
maintain water balance_
6. Examples:
a. sharks_
b. rays & skates_
C. Bony Fish

1. Osteichthyes
a. lung fish
b. lobe-finned fish
c. ray-finned fish
2. Swim bladder- filled with gas
3. Ectothermy- body
temperature determined by
environment
4. Examples:
a. tuna
b. bluefish
c. salmon
d. guppies_
THE END
Amphibians

A. Characteristics
B. Examples
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to live on

land_
2. Three chambered heart
3. Smooth skin_
B. Examples
1. Newts & salamanders
a. visible tail
b. smooth moist skin
c. legs extend outward from
body
d. walk side to side_
2. Frogs and toads
a. no claws on toes
b. go through
metamorphosis_
3. Caecilians
a. small eyes
b. worm-like body_
THE END
Reptiles

A. Characteristics
B. Examples
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to evolve

adaptations for a life style
without water
a. waterproof skin (dry hard
scales)
b. egg with protective shell_
B. Examples

1. Ornithischia- stegosaur
2. Saurischia- tyrannosaur
3. Pterosauria- pterosaur
4. Plesiosaura- plesiosaur
5. Ichthyosauria- ichthyosaur_
6. Squamata, suborder sauria-
lizards
7. Squamata, suborder
serpentes- snakes
8. Chelonia- turtles, tortoises,
sea turtles
9. Crocodylia- crocodiles,
alligators, gavials, caimans
10. Rhynchocephalia- tuataras_
1. Snakes_
2. Lizards_
3. Turtles & tortoises_
4. Crocodiles & alligators_
5. Tuataras
6. Stegosaur, tyrannosaur,
pterosaur, plesiosaur, &
ichthyosaur_
THE END
Birds

A. Characteristics
B. Examples
A. Characteristics

1. Ancestor of modern bird had

reptilian features
a. archeaopteryx
2. Feathers
3. Hollow bones (light weight)_
4. Four chambered heart
5. Endotherms- warm blooded_
B. Examples

1. Passeriformes- songbirds
2. Adodiformes- fast flyers
3. Piciformes- woodpeckers or
toucans
4. Psittaciformes- parrots
5. Charadriiformes- shorebirds
6. Columbiformes- pigeons
7. Falconiformes- birds of prey
8. Galliformes- game birds_
9. Gruiformes- marsh birds
10. Anseriformes- water fowl
11. Strigiformes- owls
12. Ciconiiformes- waders
13. Procellariformes- sea birds
14. Sphenisciformes- penguins
15. Dinornithiformes- kiwis
16. Struthioniformes- ostriches_
THE END
Mammals

A. Characteristics
B. Examples
A. Characteristics

1. Mammary glands to feed young

2. Have hair
3. Endothermic_
B. Examples

1. Rodentia- small plant-eaters

2. Chiroptera- flying
3. Insectivora- small, burrowing
4. Marsupialia- pouched
5. Carnivora- carnivorous
predators
6. Primates- tree-dwellers
7. Artiodactyla- hoofed_
8. Cetacea- fully marine
9. Lagomorpha- rodentlike
jumpers
10. Pinnipedia- marine carnivores
11. Edentata- toothless insect-
eaters
12. Perissodactyla- hoofed, one
or three toes
13. Proboscidea- long-trunked
herbivores_
1. MonOtremes
a. lay eggs
b. example- platypus_
2. MarsUpials
a. underdeveloped young
crawl into a pouch to
develop completely
b. examples- kangaroo,
opossum, koala_
3. Placental
a. most successful mammals
b. give birth to developed
young
c. examples- humans, dogs,
dolphins, whales,
rhinoceros, and bats_
THE END
5. Examples:
a. lamprey_
b. hagfish
B. Cartilage Fish

1. Chondrichthyes
2. Hinged jaw
3. Paired fins_
6. Examples:
a. sharks_
6. Examples:
a. sharks_
b. rays_
b. rays_
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to live on

land_
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to live on

land_
2. Three chambered heart
3. Smooth skin_
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to evolve

adaptations for a life style
without water
a. waterproof skin (dry hard
scales)
b. egg with protective shell_
A. Characteristics

1. First vertebrates to evolve

adaptations for a life style
without water
a. waterproof skin (dry hard
scales)
b. egg with protective shell_
B. Examples

1. Snakes_
A. Characteristics

1. Ancestor of modern bird had

reptilian features
a. archeaopteryx
2. Feathers
3. Hollow bones (light weight)_
4. Four chambered heart
5. Endotherms- warm blooded_