Current issues in

Animal
Production and
Nutrition
H0270261
Livestock waste
management : A
Case study of Viet
Nam

By: Osib ot e Ba nkole O.

Objectives
 Environmental impacts of livestock
production
 Livestock industry in Viet Nam
 Current state of Livestock waste
management in Viet Nam
 Projected growth of human
population and impacts on
livestock industry and the
environment
 Efforts at improvement
 Conclusion


Environmental impacts of livestock
production
 All livestock sectors implicated
 Dairy and beef cattle, poultry, small
ruminants, pigs
 Affect air, water, soil and biodiversity
 Air- gaseous emissions and dust
 Water (esp. South China sea)- excessive
nutrients (ponds), drug residues,
pathogens, ↑BOD, ↓biodiversity
 Soil- nutrient overloading, drug
residues, erosion
 Livestock industry in Viet Nam


 Agriculturegave about 23% of GDP in

2009 of which livestock gave 6%
 Population of livestock species
 Cattle and buffalo-10million heads
 Pigs-27million heads (71% of total pdn.)
 Poultry-220million heads
 Sheep-56,800 heads
 Goat-1.6million heads
 Current state of Livestock waste
management in Viet Nam
Traditional short cycle of livestock + crop
production> diminishing.
Total livestock waste 73 million tons per year

 Cattle- commands good price>used as

fertilizer for pasture, coffee, pepper and
fruit-trees, biogas
 Poultry- highly valued>commands premium
price>used for fish feeding, coffee,
pepper, fruit-trees and biogas
 Pig- undeveloped market>low price, not
widely used for fertilisation, given free in
rainy season
Sour ce : In st it ut e f or e nvir on m e nt a l scie n ce a n d t e chnolog y
( IN EST) 2 0 1 0
 Pig manure
 Problems
 Offensive odour
 Very watery (water required for cooling pigs,
washing floors) and bulky to transport
 ‘Hot’> believed to cause damage to crops
 ↑ Levels of production> ↑ amounts of manure
 Disease scare (FMD outbreak)
 Inorganic fertilizer cheaper and more convenient to
use

 Successfully used for:
o Feeding fish
o Biogas
o Irrigation of crop land through canals
o Transported to crop and fruit-tree areas


 Biogas production


 Anaerobic digestion of manure to

produce:
 Cooking gas
 Heating young animal housing
 Benefits
 ↑ biochemical status of manure
 Anaerobic fermentation ↓ survival and
growth of pathogens and intestinal
parasites

 Current growth of livestock industry

 Livestockis the fastest growing sub-

sector with an annual growth of 4% at
2009


Unit: 1000 heads

Adapted from General Statistics Office

(2009)
Projected growth of human population
and impacts on livestock industry and
the environment

 Bulkof population growth expected in

developing countries like Viet Nam
 Accompanied by ↑ income levels
 ↑ Urbanisation
 ↑ demand for animal products
 ↑ industrialisation of livestock
production
 ↑ waste production>pollution?
Projected growth of livestock industry

 Projected to be 42% of agriculture’s

contribution to GDP by 2020 (from
27% in 2009)

Source: Vietnam Ministry of agriculture and rural

development (MARD)
 Efforts at improvement


Farmers traditionally use as manure, fish feed

and biogas is been widely promoted.
Challenges:

 Only 7 % of farms use waste management

technology
 No reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus
content of manure
 Skills lacking for adequate maintenance
 More efficient models more expensive and
unaffordable for rural farmers
 Increasing intensification of production >
less concern for environment
 Efforts at improvement


Scientists


 Cheaper and simpler biodigester

technologies are constantly being
researched and developed
 Research into better feed utilisation to
reduce nutrient excretion by animals
 Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
 -Biocomposting
 -Adult flies, high quality animal feed
 -Biodiesel production

 Efforts at improvement


 The government of Viet Nam- Policy

 Relocation of intensive livestock farms to
reserved areas (with low water tables)
 Assistance and financial support for families
through the Viet Nam bank for rural
development
 Imposition of taxes/levies for farms and other
waste generating plants for excess waste
production
 Collaboration with international organisations
through the ministry for natural resources and
environment (MONRE)
 Development of countrywide strategy for biogas
technology
 Efforts at improvement


International Organisations


 World bank- Global environment facility

(GEF)- covering China, Thailand and
Viet Nam for protection of south China
sea from livestock induced land based
pollution and environmental
degradation
 Establishment of biogas plants,
collection of liquid waste from farms
 Extension activities to demonstrate
small scale biodigesters
 Efforts at improvement
International Organisations



 SNV (Netherlands development
organisation)-Largest donor in area of
large scale dissemination of biogas
technology in Viet Nam, project
started in 2003, coordinated by MARD
staff.
 Conclusions


The government needs to act fast on their

stated intentions to maximise the
effectiveness of the assistance from external
parties.
So far, a wide reach has been achieved in

creating awareness of the impact of

livestock production on the environment,
further work needs to be done, especially on
the part of the government to encourage
investment in the biodigester and other
emerging technologies, as they would be
very effective in the further reduction of
environmental pollution in Viet Nam.
The farmers also need to be encouraged to

be more responsible for their environment

for a more sustainable livestock industry.
 References
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species by sheep on natural pasture in Ninh Thuan province in the
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 http://www.ashdenawards.org/files/reports/MARD-SNV%20case%20study.pdf
 http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/waste_mgt/smithfield_projects/phase2report05/cd,web%20files/A2.pdf
 http
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 http://www.gso.gov.vn
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